mirror of
https://gitee.com/coder-xiaomo/leetcode-problemset
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183 lines
36 KiB
JSON
183 lines
36 KiB
JSON
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"questionId": "2104",
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"questionFrontendId": "1993",
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"categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
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"boundTopicId": 972263,
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"title": "Operations on Tree",
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"titleSlug": "operations-on-tree",
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"content": "<p>You are given a tree with <code>n</code> nodes numbered from <code>0</code> to <code>n - 1</code> in the form of a parent array <code>parent</code> where <code>parent[i]</code> is the parent of the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> node. The root of the tree is node <code>0</code>, so <code>parent[0] = -1</code> since it has no parent. You want to design a data structure that allows users to lock, unlock, and upgrade nodes in the tree.</p>\n\n<p>The data structure should support the following functions:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><strong>Lock:</strong> <strong>Locks</strong> the given node for the given user and prevents other users from locking the same node. You may only lock a node using this function if the node is unlocked.</li>\n\t<li><strong>Unlock: Unlocks</strong> the given node for the given user. You may only unlock a node using this function if it is currently locked by the same user.</li>\n\t<li><b>Upgrade</b><strong>: Locks</strong> the given node for the given user and <strong>unlocks</strong> all of its descendants <strong>regardless</strong> of who locked it. You may only upgrade a node if <strong>all</strong> 3 conditions are true:\n\t<ul>\n\t\t<li>The node is unlocked,</li>\n\t\t<li>It has at least one locked descendant (by <strong>any</strong> user), and</li>\n\t\t<li>It does not have any locked ancestors.</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Implement the <code>LockingTree</code> class:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>LockingTree(int[] parent)</code> initializes the data structure with the parent array.</li>\n\t<li><code>lock(int num, int user)</code> returns <code>true</code> if it is possible for the user with id <code>user</code> to lock the node <code>num</code>, or <code>false</code> otherwise. If it is possible, the node <code>num</code> will become<strong> locked</strong> by the user with id <code>user</code>.</li>\n\t<li><code>unlock(int num, int user)</code> returns <code>true</code> if it is possible for the user with id <code>user</code> to unlock the node <code>num</code>, or <code>false</code> otherwise. If it is possible, the node <code>num</code> will become <strong>unlocked</strong>.</li>\n\t<li><code>upgrade(int num, int user)</code> returns <code>true</code> if it is possible for the user with id <code>user</code> to upgrade the node <code>num</code>, or <code>false</code> otherwise. If it is possible, the node <code>num</code> will be <strong>upgraded</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>\n<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/07/29/untitled.png\" style=\"width: 375px; height: 246px;\" />\n<pre>\n<strong>Input</strong>\n["LockingTree", "lock", "unlock", "unlock", "lock", "upgrade", "lock"]\n[[[-1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]], [2, 2], [2, 3], [2, 2], [4, 5], [0, 1], [0, 1]]\n<strong>Output</strong>\n[null, true, false, true, true, true, false]\n\n<strong>Explanation</strong>\nLockingTree lockingTree = new LockingTree([-1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]);\nlockingTree.lock(2, 2); // return true because node 2 is unlocked.\n // Node 2 will now be locked by user 2.\nlockingTree.unlock(2, 3); // return false because user 3 cannot unlock a node locked by user 2.\nlockingTree.unlock(2, 2); // return true because node 2 was previously locked by user 2.\n // Node 2 will now be unlocked.\nlockingTree.lock(4, 5); // return true because node 4 is unlocked.\n // Node 4 will now be locked by user 5.\nlockingTree.upgrade(0, 1); // return true because node 0 is unlocked and has at least one locked descendant (node 4).\n // Node 0 will now be locked by user 1 and node 4 will now be unlocked.\nlockingTree.lock(0, 1); // return false because node 0 is already locked.\n</pre>\n\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>n == parent.length</code></li>\n\t<li><code>2 <= n <= 2000</code></li>\n\t<li><code>0 <= parent[i] <= n - 1</code> for <code>i != 0</code></li>\n\t<li><code>parent[0] == -1</code></li>\n\t<li><code>0 <= num <= n - 1</code></li>\n\t<li><code>1 <= user <= 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>parent</code> represents a valid tree.</li>\n\t<li>At most <code>2000</code> calls <strong>in total</strong> will be made to <code>lock</code>, <code>unlock</code>, and <code>upgrade</code>.</li>\n</ul>\n",
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"translatedTitle": "树上的操作",
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"translatedContent": "<p>给你一棵 <code>n</code> 个节点的树，编号从 <code>0</code> 到 <code>n - 1</code> ，以父节点数组 <code>parent</code> 的形式给出，其中 <code>parent[i]</code> 是第 <code>i</code> 个节点的父节点。树的根节点为 <code>0</code> 号节点，所以 <code>parent[0] = -1</code> ，因为它没有父节点。你想要设计一个数据结构实现树里面对节点的加锁，解锁和升级操作。</p>\n\n<p>数据结构需要支持如下函数：</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><strong>Lock：</strong>指定用户给指定节点 <strong>上锁</strong> ，上锁后其他用户将无法给同一节点上锁。只有当节点处于未上锁的状态下，才能进行上锁操作。</li>\n\t<li><strong>Unlock：</strong>指定用户给指定节点 <strong>解锁</strong> ，只有当指定节点当前正被指定用户锁住时，才能执行该解锁操作。</li>\n\t<li><b>Upgrade：</b>指定用户给指定节点 <strong>上锁</strong> ，并且将该节点的所有子孙节点 <strong>解锁</strong> 。只有如下 3 个条件 <strong>全部</strong> 满足时才能执行升级操作：\n\t<ul>\n\t\t<li>指定节点当前状态为未上锁。</li>\n\t\t<li>指定节点至少有一个上锁状态的子孙节点（可以是 <strong>任意</strong> 用户上锁的）。</li>\n\t\t<li>指定节点没有任何上锁的祖先节点。</li>\n\t</ul>\n\t</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>请你实现 <code>LockingTree</code> 类：</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>LockingTree(int[] parent)</code> 用父节点数组初始化数据结构。</li>\n\t<li><code>lock(int num, int user)</code> 如果 id 为 <code>user</code> 的用户可以给节点 <code>num</code> 上锁，那么返回 <code>true</code> ，否则返回 <code>false</code> 。如果可以执行此操作，节点 <code>num</code> 会被 id 为 <code>user</code> 的用户 <strong>上锁</strong> 。</li>\n\t<li><code>unlock(int num, int user)</code> 如果 id 为 <code>user</code> 的用户可以给节点 <code>num</code> 解锁，那么返回 <code>true</code> ，否则返回 <code>false</code> 。如果可以执行此操作，节点 <code>num</code> 变为 <strong>未上锁</strong> 状态。</li>\n\t<li><code>upgrade(int num, int user)</code> 如果 id 为 <code>user</code> 的用户可以给节点 <code>num</code> 升级，那么返回 <code>true</code> ，否则返回 <code>false</code> 。如果可以执行此操作，节点 <code>num</code> 会被 <strong>升级 </strong>。</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p> </p>\n\n<p><strong>示例 1：</strong></p>\n\n<p><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/07/29/untitled.png\" style=\"width: 375px; height: 246px;\"></p>\n\n<pre><strong>输入：</strong>\n[\"LockingTree\", \"lock\", \"unlock\", \"unlock\", \"lock\", \"upgrade\", \"lock\"]\n[[[-1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]], [2, 2], [2, 3], [2, 2], [4, 5], [0, 1], [0, 1]]\n<strong>输出：</strong>\n[null, true, false, true, true, true, false]\n\n<strong>解释：</strong>\nLockingTree lockingTree = new LockingTree([-1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]);\nlockingTree.lock(2, 2); // 返回 true ，因为节点 2 未上锁。\n // 节点 2 被用户 2 上锁。\nlockingTree.unlock(2, 3); // 返回 false ，因为用户 3 无法解锁被用户 2 上锁的节点。\nlockingTree.unlock(2, 2); // 返回 true ，因为节点 2 之前被用户 2 上锁。\n // 节点 2 现在变为未上锁状态。\nlockingTree.lock(4, 5); // 返回 true ，因为节点 4 未上锁。\n // 节点 4 被用户 5 上锁。\nlockingTree.upgrade(0, 1); // 返回 true ，因为节点 0 未上锁且至少有一个被上锁的子孙节点（节点 4）。\n // 节点 0 被用户 1 上锁，节点 4 变为未上锁。\nlockingTree.lock(0, 1); // 返回 false ，因为节点 0 已经被上锁了。\n</pre>\n\n<p> </p>\n\n<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>n == parent.length</code></li>\n\t<li><code>2 <= n <= 2000</code></li>\n\t<li>对于 <code>i != 0</code> ，满足 <code>0 <= parent[i] <= n - 1</code></li>\n\t<li><code>parent[0] == -1</code></li>\n\t<li><code>0 <= num <= n - 1</code></li>\n\t<li><code>1 <= user <= 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>parent</code> 表示一棵合法的树。</li>\n\t<li><code>lock</code> ，<code>unlock</code> 和 <code>upgrade</code> 的调用 <strong>总共 </strong>不超过 <code>2000</code> 次。</li>\n</ul>\n",
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"code": "class LockingTree {\npublic:\n LockingTree(vector<int>& parent) {\n\n }\n \n bool lock(int num, int user) {\n\n }\n \n bool unlock(int num, int user) {\n\n }\n \n bool upgrade(int num, int user) {\n\n }\n};\n\n/**\n * Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * LockingTree* obj = new LockingTree(parent);\n * bool param_1 = obj->lock(num,user);\n * bool param_2 = obj->unlock(num,user);\n * bool param_3 = obj->upgrade(num,user);\n */",
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"code": "class LockingTree {\n\n public LockingTree(int[] parent) {\n\n }\n \n public boolean lock(int num, int user) {\n\n }\n \n public boolean unlock(int num, int user) {\n\n }\n \n public boolean upgrade(int num, int user) {\n\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * LockingTree obj = new LockingTree(parent);\n * boolean param_1 = obj.lock(num,user);\n * boolean param_2 = obj.unlock(num,user);\n * boolean param_3 = obj.upgrade(num,user);\n */",
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"code": "class LockingTree(object):\n\n def __init__(self, parent):\n \"\"\"\n :type parent: List[int]\n \"\"\"\n\n\n def lock(self, num, user):\n \"\"\"\n :type num: int\n :type user: int\n :rtype: bool\n \"\"\"\n\n\n def unlock(self, num, user):\n \"\"\"\n :type num: int\n :type user: int\n :rtype: bool\n \"\"\"\n\n\n def upgrade(self, num, user):\n \"\"\"\n :type num: int\n :type user: int\n :rtype: bool\n \"\"\"\n\n\n\n# Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n# obj = LockingTree(parent)\n# param_1 = obj.lock(num,user)\n# param_2 = obj.unlock(num,user)\n# param_3 = obj.upgrade(num,user)",
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"code": "class LockingTree:\n\n def __init__(self, parent: List[int]):\n\n\n def lock(self, num: int, user: int) -> bool:\n\n\n def unlock(self, num: int, user: int) -> bool:\n\n\n def upgrade(self, num: int, user: int) -> bool:\n\n\n\n# Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n# obj = LockingTree(parent)\n# param_1 = obj.lock(num,user)\n# param_2 = obj.unlock(num,user)\n# param_3 = obj.upgrade(num,user)",
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"code": "\n\n\ntypedef struct {\n\n} LockingTree;\n\n\nLockingTree* lockingTreeCreate(int* parent, int parentSize) {\n\n}\n\nbool lockingTreeLock(LockingTree* obj, int num, int user) {\n\n}\n\nbool lockingTreeUnlock(LockingTree* obj, int num, int user) {\n\n}\n\nbool lockingTreeUpgrade(LockingTree* obj, int num, int user) {\n\n}\n\nvoid lockingTreeFree(LockingTree* obj) {\n\n}\n\n/**\n * Your LockingTree struct will be instantiated and called as such:\n * LockingTree* obj = lockingTreeCreate(parent, parentSize);\n * bool param_1 = lockingTreeLock(obj, num, user);\n \n * bool param_2 = lockingTreeUnlock(obj, num, user);\n \n * bool param_3 = lockingTreeUpgrade(obj, num, user);\n \n * lockingTreeFree(obj);\n*/",
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"code": "public class LockingTree {\n\n public LockingTree(int[] parent) {\n\n }\n \n public bool Lock(int num, int user) {\n\n }\n \n public bool Unlock(int num, int user) {\n\n }\n \n public bool Upgrade(int num, int user) {\n\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * LockingTree obj = new LockingTree(parent);\n * bool param_1 = obj.Lock(num,user);\n * bool param_2 = obj.Unlock(num,user);\n * bool param_3 = obj.Upgrade(num,user);\n */",
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"code": "/**\n * @param {number[]} parent\n */\nvar LockingTree = function(parent) {\n\n};\n\n/** \n * @param {number} num \n * @param {number} user\n * @return {boolean}\n */\nLockingTree.prototype.lock = function(num, user) {\n\n};\n\n/** \n * @param {number} num \n * @param {number} user\n * @return {boolean}\n */\nLockingTree.prototype.unlock = function(num, user) {\n\n};\n\n/** \n * @param {number} num \n * @param {number} user\n * @return {boolean}\n */\nLockingTree.prototype.upgrade = function(num, user) {\n\n};\n\n/**\n * Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * var obj = new LockingTree(parent)\n * var param_1 = obj.lock(num,user)\n * var param_2 = obj.unlock(num,user)\n * var param_3 = obj.upgrade(num,user)\n */",
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"code": "class LockingTree\n\n=begin\n :type parent: Integer[]\n=end\n def initialize(parent)\n\n end\n\n\n=begin\n :type num: Integer\n :type user: Integer\n :rtype: Boolean\n=end\n def lock(num, user)\n\n end\n\n\n=begin\n :type num: Integer\n :type user: Integer\n :rtype: Boolean\n=end\n def unlock(num, user)\n\n end\n\n\n=begin\n :type num: Integer\n :type user: Integer\n :rtype: Boolean\n=end\n def upgrade(num, user)\n\n end\n\n\nend\n\n# Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n# obj = LockingTree.new(parent)\n# param_1 = obj.lock(num, user)\n# param_2 = obj.unlock(num, user)\n# param_3 = obj.upgrade(num, user)",
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"code": "\nclass LockingTree {\n\n init(_ parent: [Int]) {\n\n }\n \n func lock(_ num: Int, _ user: Int) -> Bool {\n\n }\n \n func unlock(_ num: Int, _ user: Int) -> Bool {\n\n }\n \n func upgrade(_ num: Int, _ user: Int) -> Bool {\n\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * let obj = LockingTree(parent)\n * let ret_1: Bool = obj.lock(num, user)\n * let ret_2: Bool = obj.unlock(num, user)\n * let ret_3: Bool = obj.upgrade(num, user)\n */",
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"code": "type LockingTree struct {\n\n}\n\n\nfunc Constructor(parent []int) LockingTree {\n\n}\n\n\nfunc (this *LockingTree) Lock(num int, user int) bool {\n\n}\n\n\nfunc (this *LockingTree) Unlock(num int, user int) bool {\n\n}\n\n\nfunc (this *LockingTree) Upgrade(num int, user int) bool {\n\n}\n\n\n/**\n * Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * obj := Constructor(parent);\n * param_1 := obj.Lock(num,user);\n * param_2 := obj.Unlock(num,user);\n * param_3 := obj.Upgrade(num,user);\n */",
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"code": "class LockingTree(_parent: Array[Int]) {\n\n def lock(num: Int, user: Int): Boolean = {\n\n }\n\n def unlock(num: Int, user: Int): Boolean = {\n\n }\n\n def upgrade(num: Int, user: Int): Boolean = {\n\n }\n\n}\n\n/**\n * Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * var obj = new LockingTree(parent)\n * var param_1 = obj.lock(num,user)\n * var param_2 = obj.unlock(num,user)\n * var param_3 = obj.upgrade(num,user)\n */",
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"code": "class LockingTree(parent: IntArray) {\n\n fun lock(num: Int, user: Int): Boolean {\n\n }\n\n fun unlock(num: Int, user: Int): Boolean {\n\n }\n\n fun upgrade(num: Int, user: Int): Boolean {\n\n }\n\n}\n\n/**\n * Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * var obj = LockingTree(parent)\n * var param_1 = obj.lock(num,user)\n * var param_2 = obj.unlock(num,user)\n * var param_3 = obj.upgrade(num,user)\n */",
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"code": "struct LockingTree {\n\n}\n\n\n/**\n * `&self` means the method takes an immutable reference.\n * If you need a mutable reference, change it to `&mut self` instead.\n */\nimpl LockingTree {\n\n fn new(parent: Vec<i32>) -> Self {\n\n }\n \n fn lock(&self, num: i32, user: i32) -> bool {\n\n }\n \n fn unlock(&self, num: i32, user: i32) -> bool {\n\n }\n \n fn upgrade(&self, num: i32, user: i32) -> bool {\n\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * let obj = LockingTree::new(parent);\n * let ret_1: bool = obj.lock(num, user);\n * let ret_2: bool = obj.unlock(num, user);\n * let ret_3: bool = obj.upgrade(num, user);\n */",
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"code": "class LockingTree {\n /**\n * @param Integer[] $parent\n */\n function __construct($parent) {\n\n }\n\n /**\n * @param Integer $num\n * @param Integer $user\n * @return Boolean\n */\n function lock($num, $user) {\n\n }\n\n /**\n * @param Integer $num\n * @param Integer $user\n * @return Boolean\n */\n function unlock($num, $user) {\n\n }\n\n /**\n * @param Integer $num\n * @param Integer $user\n * @return Boolean\n */\n function upgrade($num, $user) {\n\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * $obj = LockingTree($parent);\n * $ret_1 = $obj->lock($num, $user);\n * $ret_2 = $obj->unlock($num, $user);\n * $ret_3 = $obj->upgrade($num, $user);\n */",
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"code": "class LockingTree {\n constructor(parent: number[]) {\n\n }\n\n lock(num: number, user: number): boolean {\n\n }\n\n unlock(num: number, user: number): boolean {\n\n }\n\n upgrade(num: number, user: number): boolean {\n\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Your LockingTree object will be instantiated and called as such:\n * var obj = new LockingTree(parent)\n * var param_1 = obj.lock(num,user)\n * var param_2 = obj.unlock(num,user)\n * var param_3 = obj.upgrade(num,user)\n */",
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"code": "(define locking-tree%\n (class object%\n (super-new)\n\n ; parent : (listof exact-integer?)\n (init-field\n parent)\n \n ; lock : exact-integer? exact-integer? -> boolean?\n (define/public (lock num user)\n\n )\n ; unlock : exact-integer? exact-integer? -> boolean?\n (define/public (unlock num user)\n\n )\n ; upgrade : exact-integer? exact-integer? -> boolean?\n (define/public (upgrade num user)\n\n )))\n\n;; Your locking-tree% object will be instantiated and called as such:\n;; (define obj (new locking-tree% [parent parent]))\n;; (define param_1 (send obj lock num user))\n;; (define param_2 (send obj unlock num user))\n;; (define param_3 (send obj upgrade num user))",
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"code": "-spec locking_tree_init_(Parent :: [integer()]) -> any().\nlocking_tree_init_(Parent) ->\n .\n\n-spec locking_tree_lock(Num :: integer(), User :: integer()) -> boolean().\nlocking_tree_lock(Num, User) ->\n .\n\n-spec locking_tree_unlock(Num :: integer(), User :: integer()) -> boolean().\nlocking_tree_unlock(Num, User) ->\n .\n\n-spec locking_tree_upgrade(Num :: integer(), User :: integer()) -> boolean().\nlocking_tree_upgrade(Num, User) ->\n .\n\n\n%% Your functions will be called as such:\n%% locking_tree_init_(Parent),\n%% Param_1 = locking_tree_lock(Num, User),\n%% Param_2 = locking_tree_unlock(Num, User),\n%% Param_3 = locking_tree_upgrade(Num, User),\n\n%% locking_tree_init_ will be called before every test case, in which you can do some necessary initializations.",
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"code": "defmodule LockingTree do\n @spec init_(parent :: [integer]) :: any\n def init_(parent) do\n\n end\n\n @spec lock(num :: integer, user :: integer) :: boolean\n def lock(num, user) do\n\n end\n\n @spec unlock(num :: integer, user :: integer) :: boolean\n def unlock(num, user) do\n\n end\n\n @spec upgrade(num :: integer, user :: integer) :: boolean\n def upgrade(num, user) do\n\n end\nend\n\n# Your functions will be called as such:\n# LockingTree.init_(parent)\n# param_1 = LockingTree.lock(num, user)\n# param_2 = LockingTree.unlock(num, user)\n# param_3 = LockingTree.upgrade(num, user)\n\n# LockingTree.init_ will be called before every test case, in which you can do some necessary initializations.",
|
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|
||
"hints": [
|
||
"How can we use the small constraints to help us solve the problem?",
|
||
"How can we traverse the ancestors and descendants of a node?"
|
||
],
|
||
"solution": null,
|
||
"status": null,
|
||
"sampleTestCase": "[\"LockingTree\",\"lock\",\"unlock\",\"unlock\",\"lock\",\"upgrade\",\"lock\"]\n[[[-1,0,0,1,1,2,2]],[2,2],[2,3],[2,2],[4,5],[0,1],[0,1]]",
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"metaData": "{\n \"classname\": \"LockingTree\",\n \"constructor\": {\n \"params\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"integer[]\",\n \"name\": \"parent\"\n }\n ]\n },\n \"methods\": [\n {\n \"params\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"integer\",\n \"name\": \"num\"\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"integer\",\n \"name\": \"user\"\n }\n ],\n \"name\": \"lock\",\n \"return\": {\n \"type\": \"boolean\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"params\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"integer\",\n \"name\": \"num\"\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"integer\",\n \"name\": \"user\"\n }\n ],\n \"name\": \"unlock\",\n \"return\": {\n \"type\": \"boolean\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"params\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"integer\",\n \"name\": \"num\"\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"integer\",\n \"name\": \"user\"\n }\n ],\n \"name\": \"upgrade\",\n \"return\": {\n \"type\": \"boolean\"\n }\n }\n ],\n \"return\": {\n \"type\": \"boolean\"\n },\n \"systemdesign\": true\n}",
|
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"judgerAvailable": true,
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