添加Web服务器笔记
							
								
								
									
										
											BIN
										
									
								
								docs/.vuepress/public/web-server/files/day1-Web工作原理.pdf
									
									
									
									
									
										Normal file
									
								
							
							
						
						
							
								
								
									
										139
									
								
								docs/.vuepress/public/web-server/files/day10-conf.json
									
									
									
									
									
										Normal file
									
								
							
							
						
						@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
 | 
			
		||||
{
 | 
			
		||||
    "_comment": "Web服务器配置文件,配置后请重启服务器",
 | 
			
		||||
    "default_comment": "Web服务器站点默认配置,站点配置中未配置项将以默认配置为准",
 | 
			
		||||
    "default": {
 | 
			
		||||
        "comment_comment": "默认配置说明(仅做备注用,无实际作用)",
 | 
			
		||||
        "comment": "默认配置",
 | 
			
		||||
        "web_comment": "网站相关配置",
 | 
			
		||||
        "web": {
 | 
			
		||||
            "host_comment": "绑定的IP或域名(字符串或数组)",
 | 
			
		||||
            "host": "127.0.0.1",
 | 
			
		||||
            "port_comment": "绑定的端口号(数字或数组)",
 | 
			
		||||
            "port": 80
 | 
			
		||||
        },
 | 
			
		||||
        "path_comment": "网站目录相关配置",
 | 
			
		||||
        "path": {
 | 
			
		||||
            "websitePath_comment": "网站目录(绝对路径,以 '/' 结尾)",
 | 
			
		||||
            "websitePath": "/www/wwwroot/",
 | 
			
		||||
            "runPath_comment": "网站运行目录(相对路径,相对网站目录,以 '/' 结尾)",
 | 
			
		||||
            "runPath": "./",
 | 
			
		||||
            "accessLogPath_comment": "访问日志目录",
 | 
			
		||||
            "accessLogPath": "/www/wwwlogs/",
 | 
			
		||||
            "errorLogPath_comment": "错误日志目录",
 | 
			
		||||
            "errorLogPath": "/www/wwwlogs/"
 | 
			
		||||
        },
 | 
			
		||||
        "page_comment": "默认文档相关配置",
 | 
			
		||||
        "page": {
 | 
			
		||||
            "defaultPage_comment": "默认文档(数组)",
 | 
			
		||||
            "defaultPage": [
 | 
			
		||||
                "index.html",
 | 
			
		||||
                "index.htm",
 | 
			
		||||
                "default.html",
 | 
			
		||||
                "default.htm"
 | 
			
		||||
            ],
 | 
			
		||||
            "errorPage_comment": "默认错误页(键值对)",
 | 
			
		||||
            "errorPage": {
 | 
			
		||||
                "403": "./403.html",
 | 
			
		||||
                "404": "./404.html",
 | 
			
		||||
                "500": "./500.html",
 | 
			
		||||
                "default": "./error.html"
 | 
			
		||||
            }
 | 
			
		||||
        },
 | 
			
		||||
        "ssl_comment": "SSL证书公钥、私钥配置",
 | 
			
		||||
        "ssl": {
 | 
			
		||||
            "private_comment": "私钥所在目录",
 | 
			
		||||
            "private": "./private.pem",
 | 
			
		||||
            "public_comment": "公钥所在目录",
 | 
			
		||||
            "public": "./public.pem"
 | 
			
		||||
        },
 | 
			
		||||
        "reverseProxy_comment": "反向代理",
 | 
			
		||||
        "reverseProxy": {
 | 
			
		||||
            "state_comment": "'on' / 1 / true 表示开启,'off' / 0 / false 表示关闭",
 | 
			
		||||
            "state": "off",
 | 
			
		||||
            "origin_comment": "代理源配置 [Todo] 待完善",
 | 
			
		||||
            "origin": {
 | 
			
		||||
                "host_comment": "被代理主机(字符串)",
 | 
			
		||||
                "host": "127.0.0.1",
 | 
			
		||||
                "port_comment": "被代理端口号(数字)",
 | 
			
		||||
                "port": 8080
 | 
			
		||||
            }
 | 
			
		||||
        },
 | 
			
		||||
        "logs": {
 | 
			
		||||
            "format_comment": "日志记录默认格式,需以'\r\n'结尾。设计时参考Nginx [Todo] 待完善",
 | 
			
		||||
            "format_comment_options": {
 | 
			
		||||
                "_": "格式(以下是可选参数)",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{remoteAddr}": "发起请求的客户端所在IP地址",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{remoteUser}": "发起请求的客户端用户名称,获取不到则显示为'-'",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{timeLocal}": "用来记录访问时间与时区(依赖服务器本地时间),形如'20/Aug/2017:21:15:19 +0800',获取不到则显示为'-'",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{request}": "记录发起的请求,形如'POST /index.html?page=1 HTTP/1.1'",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{status}": "记录响应状态,比如'200'",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{requestTime}": "记录请求处理时间(以秒为单位、精确到毫秒)。从读取客户端第一个字节开始算起,到发送最后一个字节给客户端的时间间隔",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{upstreamResponseTime}": "记录Web服务器从后端服务获取响应的时间(以秒为单位、精确到毫秒),多个请求的时间以逗号分隔",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{requestLength}": "记录请求长度(包括请求行,请求头,请求体)",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{gzipRatio}": "记录nginx gzip压缩比例,获取不到则显示为'-'",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{bytesSent}": "发送给客户端的字节数",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{bodyBytesSent}": "发送给客户端的响应体字节数",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{connectionRequests}": "单个连接的并发请求数",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{httpReferer}": "记录请求引用页面地址",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{httpUserAgent}": "记录用户代理信息(通常是浏览器信息)",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{httpXForwardedFor}": "当为了承受更大的负载使用反向代理时,web服务器不能获取真实的客户端IP,$remote_addr获取到的是反向代理服务器的ip,这种情况下,代理服务器通常会增加一个叫做x_forwarded_for的信息头,把连接它的真实客户端IP加到这个信息头里,这样就能保证网站的web服务器能获取到真实IP,获取不到则显示为'-'",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{connection}": "连接序列号",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{msec}": "写入日志的时间(以秒为单位、精确到毫秒)",
 | 
			
		||||
                "{pipe}": "如果为管道请求则显示为p,否则显示为'.'"
 | 
			
		||||
            },
 | 
			
		||||
            "format": "{timeLocal}\t{remoteAddr}\t{status}\t{request}\t{httpUserAgent}\r\n"
 | 
			
		||||
        }
 | 
			
		||||
    },
 | 
			
		||||
    "server_comment": "Web服务器服务的站点,每一个站点都作为server数组的一个元素",
 | 
			
		||||
    "server": [
 | 
			
		||||
        {
 | 
			
		||||
            "comment": "网站首页",
 | 
			
		||||
            "web": {
 | 
			
		||||
                "host": "www.only4.work",
 | 
			
		||||
                "port": [
 | 
			
		||||
                    80,
 | 
			
		||||
                    443
 | 
			
		||||
                ]
 | 
			
		||||
            },
 | 
			
		||||
            "ssl": {
 | 
			
		||||
                "private": "./ssl/private.pem",
 | 
			
		||||
                "public": "./ssl/public.pem"
 | 
			
		||||
            },
 | 
			
		||||
            "path": {
 | 
			
		||||
                "path": "/www/wwwroot/www.only4.work",
 | 
			
		||||
                "runPath": "./public/"
 | 
			
		||||
            },
 | 
			
		||||
            "page": {
 | 
			
		||||
                "defaultPage": [
 | 
			
		||||
                    "index.php",
 | 
			
		||||
                    "index.html",
 | 
			
		||||
                    "index.htm",
 | 
			
		||||
                    "default.html",
 | 
			
		||||
                    "default.htm"
 | 
			
		||||
                ],
 | 
			
		||||
                "errorPage_comment": "默认错误页(键值对)",
 | 
			
		||||
                "errorPage": {
 | 
			
		||||
                    "403": "./error.html?code=403",
 | 
			
		||||
                    "404": "./error.html?code=404",
 | 
			
		||||
                    "500": "./error.html?code=500",
 | 
			
		||||
                    "default": "./error.html?code=unknown"
 | 
			
		||||
                }
 | 
			
		||||
            }
 | 
			
		||||
        },
 | 
			
		||||
        {
 | 
			
		||||
            "comment": "网站首页(代理页面)",
 | 
			
		||||
            "web": {
 | 
			
		||||
                "host": "www.only4.work",
 | 
			
		||||
                "port": 888
 | 
			
		||||
            },
 | 
			
		||||
            "reverseProxy": {
 | 
			
		||||
                "state": true,
 | 
			
		||||
                "origin": {
 | 
			
		||||
                    "host": "127.0.0.1",
 | 
			
		||||
                    "port_comment": "被代理端口号",
 | 
			
		||||
                    "port": 80
 | 
			
		||||
                }
 | 
			
		||||
            }
 | 
			
		||||
        }
 | 
			
		||||
    ]
 | 
			
		||||
}
 | 
			
		||||
							
								
								
									
										
											BIN
										
									
								
								docs/.vuepress/public/web-server/files/day3-Linux网络编程.pdf
									
									
									
									
									
										Normal file
									
								
							
							
						
						
							
								
								
									
										556
									
								
								docs/web-server/README.md
									
									
									
									
									
										Normal file
									
								
							
							
						
						@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
 | 
			
		||||
---
 | 
			
		||||
sidebarDepth: 2
 | 
			
		||||
---
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
<style>
 | 
			
		||||
iframe {
 | 
			
		||||
	border: 2px solid #3eaf7c ;
 | 
			
		||||
	width: 100%;
 | 
			
		||||
	height: 500px;
 | 
			
		||||
}
 | 
			
		||||
</style>
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
# 第一期学习活动 
 | 
			
		||||
## 第1天
 | 
			
		||||
### 任务:Web服务器基本工作原理学习
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
学习资料:
 | 
			
		||||
1、https://www.cnblogs.com/BOHB-yunying/articles/10911192.html
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
2、《Web工作原理》见附件
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
作业:写一篇小短文,发布在星球,小短文中需要回答几个问题
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
一个web服务器,最基本的由哪几个核心组件组成?
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
讲述一下,web服务器从收到一个请求,到完成这个请求的响应,主要流程是什么?
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
将自己理解的Web服务器工作原理,绘制一张图
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
附件:[Web工作原理.pdf](/web-server/files/day1-Web工作原理.pdf)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 作业
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
看了一下网上搜索出来的感觉大都很专业,我就说说我自己的看法叭
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
web服务器组件我理解的是包含以下部分
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
- 配置文件、默认错误页面(像404, 500等错误页模板)
 | 
			
		||||
- 日志记录模块
 | 
			
		||||
- 端口监听模块
 | 
			
		||||
- 业务处理模块
 | 
			
		||||
- 请求响应模块
 | 
			
		||||
- 扩展模块(如反向代理等)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
web服务器主要完成以下几件事
 | 
			
		||||
1. 监听到客户端发来的请求
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
    涉及到计算机网络结构方面的知识
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
2. 处理请求
 | 
			
		||||
   
 | 
			
		||||
   1. 取得请求方法(GET, POST, PUT等),解析url,进行路由
 | 
			
		||||
   
 | 
			
		||||
   2. 通过路由知道客户端的请求
 | 
			
		||||
   
 | 
			
		||||
      分成静态、动态两类,静态资源直接返回给客户端就行了,动态资源需要去对应提供服务的业务取得(像php, java, asp.net等等)
 | 
			
		||||
   
 | 
			
		||||
3. 将响应返回给用户
 | 
			
		||||
     响应头中还包含一些扩展信息(像web服务器版本信息,MIME,缓存配置信息,静态资源还会有修改时间)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||

 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
## 第2天
 | 
			
		||||
### 任务:HTTP协议学习 & F12 & wireshark抓包
 | 
			
		||||
学习资料:
 | 
			
		||||
https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/08/http.html
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/77376952
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=9883591515530208938
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
作业:写一篇小短文,发布在星球,完成下面这些内容
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
- HTTP请求主要由哪几个部分组成?
 | 
			
		||||
- HTTP响应主要由哪几部分组成?
 | 
			
		||||
- HTTP头部和数据如何组织在一起?
 | 
			
		||||
- 这是世界上第一个网页:
 | 
			
		||||
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
使用浏览器访问这个URL,并使用wireshark抓包,分析请求和响应。
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
请求:Method、URI、HTTP版本、Headers
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
响应:状态码、Headers、HTML内容
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 作业
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### HTTP请求主要由哪几个部分组成?
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**请求报文**
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
1. **请求行**:请求方法字段、URL字段和HTTP协议版本
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
   例如:GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
   get方法将数据拼接在url后面,传递参数受限
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
   请求方法:GET、POST、HEAD、PUT、DELETE、OPTIONS、TRACE、CONNECT
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
2. **请求头**(key value形式)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
   - User-Agent:产生请求的浏览器类型。
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
   - Accept:客户端可识别的内容类型列表。
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
   - Host:主机地址
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
3. **请求数据**
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
   post方法中,会把数据以key value形式发送请求
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
4. **空行**
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
   发送回车符和换行符,通知服务器以下不再有请求头
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### HTTP响应主要由哪几部分组成?
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**响应报文**
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
1. **状态行**
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
2. **消息报头**
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**3. 响应正文**
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### HTTP头部和数据如何组织在一起?
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||

 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### Wireshark抓包
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
首先打开Wireshark,访问:http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||

 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
使用Wireshark抓包(按照 `ip.src == 188.184.21.108` 过滤,先 `Ctrl+R` 清除记录一次)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||

 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
按 `Ctrl+Alt+Shift+T` 追踪TCP流(右键 追踪流、TCP流)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||

 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
GET /hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html HTTP/1.1
 | 
			
		||||
Host: info.cern.ch
 | 
			
		||||
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:94.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/94.0
 | 
			
		||||
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
 | 
			
		||||
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
 | 
			
		||||
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
 | 
			
		||||
Connection: keep-alive
 | 
			
		||||
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
 | 
			
		||||
Pragma: no-cache
 | 
			
		||||
Cache-Control: no-cache
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 | 
			
		||||
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2021 12:28:56 GMT
 | 
			
		||||
Server: Apache
 | 
			
		||||
Last-Modified: Thu, 03 Dec 1992 08:37:20 GMT
 | 
			
		||||
ETag: "8a9-291e721905000"
 | 
			
		||||
Accept-Ranges: bytes
 | 
			
		||||
Content-Length: 2217
 | 
			
		||||
Connection: close
 | 
			
		||||
Content-Type: text/html
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
<HEADER>
 | 
			
		||||
<TITLE>The World Wide Web project</TITLE>
 | 
			
		||||
<NEXTID N="55">
 | 
			
		||||
</HEADER>
 | 
			
		||||
<BODY>
 | 
			
		||||
<H1>World Wide Web</H1>The WorldWideWeb (W3) is a wide-area<A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=0 HREF="WhatIs.html">
 | 
			
		||||
hypermedia</A> information retrieval
 | 
			
		||||
initiative aiming to give universal
 | 
			
		||||
access to a large universe of documents.<P>
 | 
			
		||||
Everything there is online about
 | 
			
		||||
W3 is linked directly or indirectly
 | 
			
		||||
to this document, including an <A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=24 HREF="Summary.html">executive
 | 
			
		||||
summary</A> of the project, <A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=29 HREF="Administration/Mailing/Overview.html">Mailing lists</A>
 | 
			
		||||
, <A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=30 HREF="Policy.html">Policy</A> , November's  <A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=34 HREF="News/9211.html">W3  news</A> ,
 | 
			
		||||
<A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=41 HREF="FAQ/List.html">Frequently Asked Questions</A> .
 | 
			
		||||
<DL>
 | 
			
		||||
<DT><A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=44 HREF="../DataSources/Top.html">What's out there?</A>
 | 
			
		||||
<DD> Pointers to the
 | 
			
		||||
world's online information,<A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=45 HREF="../DataSources/bySubject/Overview.html"> subjects</A>
 | 
			
		||||
, <A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=z54 HREF="../DataSources/WWW/Servers.html">W3 servers</A>, etc.
 | 
			
		||||
<DT><A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=46 HREF="Help.html">Help</A>
 | 
			
		||||
<DD> on the browser you are using
 | 
			
		||||
<DT><A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=13 HREF="Status.html">Software Products</A>
 | 
			
		||||
<DD> A list of W3 project
 | 
			
		||||
components and their current state.
 | 
			
		||||
(e.g. <A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=27 HREF="LineMode/Browser.html">Line Mode</A> ,X11 <A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=35 HREF="Status.html#35">Viola</A> ,  <A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=26 HREF="NeXT/WorldWideWeb.html">NeXTStep</A>
 | 
			
		||||
, <A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=25 HREF="Daemon/Overview.html">Servers</A> , <A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=51 HREF="Tools/Overview.html">Tools</A> ,<A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=53 HREF="MailRobot/Overview.html"> Mail robot</A> ,<A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=52 HREF="Status.html#57">
 | 
			
		||||
Library</A> )
 | 
			
		||||
<DT><A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=47 HREF="Technical.html">Technical</A>
 | 
			
		||||
<DD> Details of protocols, formats,
 | 
			
		||||
program internals etc
 | 
			
		||||
<DT><A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=40 HREF="Bibliography.html">Bibliography</A>
 | 
			
		||||
<DD> Paper documentation
 | 
			
		||||
on  W3 and references.
 | 
			
		||||
<DT><A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=14 HREF="People.html">People</A>
 | 
			
		||||
<DD> A list of some people involved
 | 
			
		||||
in the project.
 | 
			
		||||
<DT><A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=15 HREF="History.html">History</A>
 | 
			
		||||
<DD> A summary of the history
 | 
			
		||||
of the project.
 | 
			
		||||
<DT><A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=37 HREF="Helping.html">How can I help</A> ?
 | 
			
		||||
<DD> If you would like
 | 
			
		||||
to support the web..
 | 
			
		||||
<DT><A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=48 HREF="../README.html">Getting code</A>
 | 
			
		||||
<DD> Getting the code by<A
 | 
			
		||||
NAME=49 HREF="LineMode/Defaults/Distribution.html">
 | 
			
		||||
anonymous FTP</A> , etc.</A>
 | 
			
		||||
</DL>
 | 
			
		||||
</BODY>
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**请求**:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
Method:GET
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
URI:/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
HTTP版本:HTTP/1.1
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
Headers:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
Host: info.cern.ch
 | 
			
		||||
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:94.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/94.0
 | 
			
		||||
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
 | 
			
		||||
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
 | 
			
		||||
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
 | 
			
		||||
Connection: keep-alive
 | 
			
		||||
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
 | 
			
		||||
Pragma: no-cache
 | 
			
		||||
Cache-Control: no-cache
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**响应**:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
状态码:HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
Headers:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2021 12:28:56 GMT
 | 
			
		||||
Server: Apache
 | 
			
		||||
Last-Modified: Thu, 03 Dec 1992 08:37:20 GMT
 | 
			
		||||
ETag: "8a9-291e721905000"
 | 
			
		||||
Accept-Ranges: bytes
 | 
			
		||||
Content-Length: 2217
 | 
			
		||||
Connection: close
 | 
			
		||||
Content-Type: text/html
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
HTML内容:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
略
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
## 第3天
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 任务:套接字编程基础知识
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
学习资料:
 | 
			
		||||
《网络编程》第六章(见附件)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
https://www.jianshu.com/p/6ca1c102fc00
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
https://wenku.baidu.com/view/8d0f749881c758f5f71f6749.html
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
作业:写一篇小短文,发布在星球,回答几个问题
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
- 什么是套接字?
 | 
			
		||||
- 套接字有哪几个类型?
 | 
			
		||||
- 用套接字编写一个客户端和服务端,分别有哪几个步骤?
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
附件:[Linux网络编程.pdf](/web-server/files/day3-Linux网络编程.pdf)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 作业
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### 什么是套接字?
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
套接字(socket)为通信的端点,每个套接字由一个 IP 地址和一个端口号组成。通过网络通信的每对进程需要使用一对套接字,即每个进程各有一个。
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### 套接字有哪几个类型?
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
套接字的类型
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
常用的TCP/IP协议的3种套接字类型如下所示。
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
流套接字(SOCK_STREAM):
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
流套接字用于提供面向连接、可靠的数据传输服务。该服务将保证数据能够实现无差错、无重复发送,并按顺序接收。流套接字之所以能够实现可靠的数据服务,原因在于其使用了传输控制协议,即TCP(The Transmission Control Protocol)协议。
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
数据包套接字(SOCK_DGRAM):
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
数据包套接字提供了一种无连接的服务。该服务并不能保证数据传输的可靠性,数据有可能在传输过程中丢失或出现数据重复,且无法保证顺序地接收到数据。数据包套接字使用UDP(User Datagram Protocol)协议进行数据的传输。由于数据包套接字不能保证数据传输的可靠性,对于有可能出现的数据丢失情况,需要在程序中做相应的处理。
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
原始套接字(SOCK_RAW):
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
原始套接字(SOCKET_RAW)允许对较低层次的协议直接访问,比如IP、 ICMP协议,它常用于检验新的协议实现,或者访问现有服务中配置的新设备,因为RAW SOCKET可以自如地控制Windows下的多种协议,能够对网络底层的传输机制进行控制,所以可以应用原始套接字来操纵网络层和传输层应用。比如,我们可以通过RAW SOCKET来接收发向本机的ICMP、IGMP协议包,或者接收TCP/IP栈不能够处理的IP包,也可以用来发送一些自定包头或自定协议的IP包。网络监听技术很大程度上依赖于SOCKET_RAW
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
原始套接字与标准套接字(标准套接字指的是前面介绍的流套接字和数据包套接字)的区别在于:原始套接字可以读写内核没有处理的IP数据包,而流套接字只能读取TCP协议的数据,数据报套接字只能读取UDP协议的数据。因此,如果要访问其他协议发送数据必须使用原始套接字。
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### 用套接字编写一个客户端和服务端,分别有哪几个步骤?
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**服务端**:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
1. 返回socket句柄
 | 
			
		||||
2. 设置套接字
 | 
			
		||||
3. 绑定端口,开始监听
 | 
			
		||||
4. 等待客户端连接
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**客户端**:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
1. 创建连接
 | 
			
		||||
2. 发送请求
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
-----
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
下面是网上找到的:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**服务器**:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
1. socketfd = socket(........);  返回一个socket文件句柄
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
2. 设置套接字  setsockopt(socketfd , SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) // int on =1; SO_REUSEADDR表示可以重复使用一个端口
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
3. memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
 | 
			
		||||
   addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
 | 
			
		||||
   addr.sin_port = ; (端口号) */
 | 
			
		||||
   addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);    /* 可以监听本地的所有的ip */
 | 
			
		||||
   
 | 
			
		||||
4. bind(socketfd , (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr)) != 0 )    // 绑定端口和IP
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
5. listen(socketfd , 10) != 0 /* 启动监测数据,最多可以同时连接10个客服端 */
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
6. clientfd = accept(socketfd , (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &addr_len); /* 等待客服端的链接,如果有链接,则建立链接 返回一个客服端的clientfd 会堵塞*/
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
**客户端**:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
1.  iSocketClient = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); // SOCK_DGRAM 表示UDP
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
2.    tSocketServerAddr.sin_family      = AF_INET;
 | 
			
		||||
      tSocketServerAddr.sin_port        = htons(端口号);  /* host to net, short */
 | 
			
		||||
     //tSocketServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
3.  iRet = connect(iSocketClient, (const struct sockaddr *)&tSocketServerAddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));   // 连接
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
参考:https://blog.csdn.net/lgz929974811/article/details/106006925
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
## ★ 第4天
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 任务:编写一个TCP Client,发出一个简单的HTTP请求
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
学习资料:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
- C/C++ socket编程:《网络编程》(见附件)
 | 
			
		||||
- Python socket编程:[https://www.cnblogs.com/george92/p/9291394.html](https://www.cnblogs.com/george92/p/9291394.html)
 | 
			
		||||
- Java socket编程:[https://m.runoob.com/java/java-networking.html](https://m.runoob.com/java/java-networking.html)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
作业:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
编写一个TCP Client程序,向http://www.baidu.com发起一个GET请求,并把服务器返回的数据打印出来
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
附件:[Linux网络编程.pdf](/web-server/files/day3-Linux网络编程.pdf)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 作业
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
面向连接的socket的工作流程👇
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||

 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
无连接的socket工作流程👇
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||

 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
## ★ 第5天
 | 
			
		||||
### 任务:编写一个TCP Server,发出一个简单的HTTP响应
 | 
			
		||||
学习资料:同昨天相同
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
作业:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
编写一个TCP Server程序,当收到客户发来GET请求时(先不用管请求的具体是什么),都返回一个网页,网页的内容如下:
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
```html
 | 
			
		||||
<html>
 | 
			
		||||
    <body>
 | 
			
		||||
        <h1>这是我的第一个网页!</h1>
 | 
			
		||||
    </body>
 | 
			
		||||
</html>
 | 
			
		||||
```
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
使用浏览器去访问自己写的这个TCP Server,截图展示访问效果 
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
然后使用前一天自己编写的TCP Client去请求这个Server,通过Client将这个网页内容打印出来!
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 作业
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
## ★ 第8天
 | 
			
		||||
### 任务:改造TCP Server,发送一个HTML文件
 | 
			
		||||
学习资料:同任务4
 | 
			
		||||
作业:今天的任务只有一个改动,就是将第五天任务中的TCP Server返回的那个网页内容,改为从文件中加载,而不是固定写死在代码中。
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
## ★ 第9天
 | 
			
		||||
### 任务:使用多线程
 | 
			
		||||
学习资料:同任务4
 | 
			
		||||
作业:
 | 
			
		||||
  在原来TCP Server基础上进行改造:当服务器收到连接请求时,启动一个单独的线程进行处理。并且不要关闭连接,继续监听这个客户端后续的请求。
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
附件:[Linux网络编程.pdf](/web-server/files/day3-Linux网络编程.pdf)
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 作业
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
## 第10天
 | 
			
		||||
### 任务:设计并使用配置文件
 | 
			
		||||
学习资料:无
 | 
			
		||||
作业:
 | 
			
		||||
  Web服务器一般会拥有多个参数,将服务器绑定的IP、端口、HTML文件所在的目录,写在配置文件中,程序启动的时候进行加载。
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
  需要自己设计自己的Web服务器的文件格式,可以参考JSON、XML、YML等格式
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 作业
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
<iframe src="/web-server/files/day10-conf.json"></iframe>
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||

 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 作业
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 作业
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 作业
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
### 作业
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
-----
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
11.29 11:01
 | 
			
		||||
其他人的作业
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
# 笔记
 | 
			
		||||
#### 回答轩辕大佬的问题:
 | 
			
		||||
##### 1.Web服务器 约等于 HTTP服务器 + 其他服务
 | 
			
		||||
(先不去管它这些操作具体的名称,单纯记录他的操作,后面再补)
 | 
			
		||||
包含:拿到数据包之后解包的东西、解析客户端的意图的东西、进行分类处理,或是提供某种文件、或是处理数据的东西、将结果装入缓冲区的东西、将以HTTP协议格式打包的东西、将该数据包推入Internet的东西
 | 
			
		||||
##### 2.主要流程是:接收数据 ⇒ HTTP解析 ⇒ 逻辑处理 ⇒ HTTP封包 ⇒ 发送数据
 | 
			
		||||
##### 3.用电脑画图画的,有点丑哈哈哈
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
 | 
			
		||||
#### 其他
 | 
			
		||||
顺便熟悉一下Markdown语法哈哈哈
 | 
			
		||||
稍微浏览了一下计网的书,感觉轩辕大佬的模式很好,通过项目学习,补充细节
 | 
			
		||||
在公众号搜到几篇文章,感觉挺有意思的,特别是有画小人的那个图解的
 | 
			
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##### 网址信息收集
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__*下面四个是一个系列的*__
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[# 自己动手开发一个 Web 服务器(一)](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/cTfLlJNpKhixk31zlvaFgg)
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[# 自己动手开发一个 Web 服务器(二)](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/2ulVC3L3w3YLcN4QS6lEvA)
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[# 自己动手开发一个 Web 服务器(三)《https://wx.zsxq.com/mweb/views/weread/search.html?keyword=A》](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Yn_4XhwNSAuqNFGAilSmAA)
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[# 自己动手开发一个 Web 服务器(三)《https://wx.zsxq.com/mweb/views/weread/search.html?keyword=B》](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/B0CRXwKs8Z8FrW5tbEVHpg)
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***
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 [#Web服务器工作原理详解(基础篇)](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/eb7xOT0-2uE9caaEfAqSCg)(就是轩辕大佬发的)
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[# Linux下Web服务器详解](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/RZFQLpgjHj1V89BWyT8pQA)
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[# Linux | 搭建Web服务器](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/X6u3SBhZ7A54-uczToD9Kw)
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[# 来写一个属于自己的Web服务器](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/W5eDKKcHwlHtc-ssWOWBAg)
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[# 开发一个属于自己的 web 服务器](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/zX8JGTQ-GwC2q63UuIQKFw)
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[# 如何开发一个web静态服务器](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/H_t4jPSiBdogYVscoqUVaA)
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[# 开发一个 web 服务器](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/EoDV6g93TzKMGDV-R12jqA)
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[# web服务器开发之理论篇](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ufQ68pdC7ZR3aI2gKZdsgw)
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[# 手写一个 web 服务器!](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/cKgoSqIk97M1M9Q-gBOLBw)
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[# Python 高手之路:从零开始打造一个Web服务器](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/3OWFXRTfhL30twQF4UzFUQ)
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https://t.zsxq.com/YNZNRnm
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