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"question": {
"questionId": "3931",
"questionFrontendId": "3612",
"categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
"boundTopicId": 3719866,
"title": "Process String with Special Operations I",
"titleSlug": "process-string-with-special-operations-i",
"content": "<p>You are given a string <code>s</code> consisting of lowercase English letters and the special characters: <code>*</code>, <code>#</code>, and <code>%</code>.</p>\n\n<p>Build a new string <code>result</code> by processing <code>s</code> according to the following rules from left to right:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>If the letter is a <strong>lowercase</strong> English letter append it to <code>result</code>.</li>\n\t<li>A <code>&#39;*&#39;</code> <strong>removes</strong> the last character from <code>result</code>, if it exists.</li>\n\t<li>A <code>&#39;#&#39;</code> <strong>duplicates</strong> the current <code>result</code> and <strong>appends</strong> it to itself.</li>\n\t<li>A <code>&#39;%&#39;</code> <strong>reverses</strong> the current <code>result</code>.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Return the final string <code>result</code> after processing all characters in <code>s</code>.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">s = &quot;a#b%*&quot;</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>Output:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">&quot;ba&quot;</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>\n\n<table style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">\n\t<thead>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>i</code></th>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>s[i]</code></th>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">Operation</th>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">Current <code>result</code></th>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t</thead>\n\t<tbody>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">0</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&#39;a&#39;</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">Append <code>&#39;a&#39;</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&quot;a&quot;</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">1</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&#39;#&#39;</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">Duplicate <code>result</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&quot;aa&quot;</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">2</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&#39;b&#39;</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">Append <code>&#39;b&#39;</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&quot;aab&quot;</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">3</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&#39;%&#39;</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">Reverse <code>result</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&quot;baa&quot;</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">4</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&#39;*&#39;</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">Remove the last character</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&quot;ba&quot;</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t</tbody>\n</table>\n\n<p>Thus, the final <code>result</code> is <code>&quot;ba&quot;</code>.</p>\n</div>\n\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 2:</strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">s = &quot;z*#&quot;</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>Output:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">&quot;&quot;</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>\n\n<table style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">\n\t<thead>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>i</code></th>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>s[i]</code></th>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">Operation</th>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">Current <code>result</code></th>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t</thead>\n\t<tbody>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">0</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&#39;z&#39;</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">Append <code>&#39;z&#39;</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&quot;z&quot;</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">1</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&#39;*&#39;</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">Remove the last character</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&quot;&quot;</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">2</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&#39;#&#39;</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">Duplicate the string</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>&quot;&quot;</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t</tbody>\n</table>\n\n<p>Thus, the final <code>result</code> is <code>&quot;&quot;</code>.</p>\n</div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= s.length &lt;= 20</code></li>\n\t<li><code>s</code> consists of only lowercase English letters and special characters <code>*</code>, <code>#</code>, and <code>%</code>.</li>\n</ul>\n",
"translatedTitle": "用特殊操作处理字符串 I",
"translatedContent": "<p>给你一个字符串 <code>s</code>,它由小写英文字母和特殊字符:<code>*</code>、<code>#</code> 和 <code>%</code> 组成。</p>\n\n<p>请根据以下规则从左到右处理 <code>s</code>&nbsp;中的字符,构造一个新的字符串 <code>result</code></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>如果字符是 <strong>小写</strong> 英文字母,则将其添加到 <code>result</code> 中。</li>\n\t<li>字符 <code>'*'</code> 会&nbsp;<strong>删除</strong> <code>result</code> 中的最后一个字符(如果存在)。</li>\n\t<li>字符 <code>'#'</code> 会&nbsp;<strong>复制&nbsp;</strong>当前的 <code>result</code> 并&nbsp;<strong>追加&nbsp;</strong>到其自身后面。</li>\n\t<li>字符 <code>'%'</code> 会&nbsp;<strong>反转&nbsp;</strong>当前的 <code>result</code>。</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>在处理完 <code>s</code> 中的所有字符后,返回最终的字符串 <code>result</code>。</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p><strong class=\"example\">示例 1</strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<p><strong>输入:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">s = \"a#b%*\"</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>输出:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">\"ba\"</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>解释:</strong></p>\n\n<table style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">\n\t<thead>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>i</code></th>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>s[i]</code></th>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">操作</th>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">当前 <code>result</code></th>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t</thead>\n\t<tbody>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">0</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>'a'</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">添加 <code>'a'</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>\"a\"</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">1</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>'#'</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">复制 <code>result</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>\"aa\"</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">2</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>'b'</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">添加 <code>'b'</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>\"aab\"</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">3</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>'%'</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">反转 <code>result</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>\"baa\"</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">4</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>'*'</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">删除最后一个字符</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>\"ba\"</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t</tbody>\n</table>\n\n<p>因此,最终的 <code>result</code> 是 <code>\"ba\"</code>。</p>\n</div>\n\n<p><strong class=\"example\">示例 2</strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<p><strong>输入:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">s = \"z*#\"</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>输出:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">\"\"</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>解释:</strong></p>\n\n<table style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">\n\t<thead>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>i</code></th>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>s[i]</code></th>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">操作</th>\n\t\t\t<th style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">当前 <code>result</code></th>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t</thead>\n\t<tbody>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">0</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>'z'</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">添加 <code>'z'</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>\"z\"</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">1</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>'*'</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">删除最后一个字符</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>\"\"</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">2</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>'#'</code></td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">复制字符串</td>\n\t\t\t<td style=\"border: 1px solid black;\"><code>\"\"</code></td>\n\t\t</tr>\n\t</tbody>\n</table>\n\n<p>因此,最终的 <code>result</code> 是 <code>\"\"</code>。</p>\n</div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p><strong>提示:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= s.length &lt;= 20</code></li>\n\t<li><code>s</code> 只包含小写英文字母和特殊字符 <code>*</code>、<code>#</code> 和 <code>%</code>。</li>\n</ul>\n",
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<code>use-after-free<\\/code> \\u9519\\u8bef\\u3002<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>\\u4e3a\\u4e86\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u65b9\\u4fbf\\uff0c\\u5927\\u90e8\\u5206\\u6807\\u51c6\\u5e93\\u7684\\u5934\\u6587\\u4ef6\\u5df2\\u7ecf\\u88ab\\u81ea\\u52a8\\u5bfc\\u5165\\u3002<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>\\u5982\\u60f3\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u54c8\\u5e0c\\u8868\\u8fd0\\u7b97, \\u60a8\\u53ef\\u4ee5\\u4f7f\\u7528 <a href=\\\"https:\\/\\/troydhanson.github.io\\/uthash\\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">uthash<\\/a>\\u3002 \\\"uthash.h\\\"\\u5df2\\u7ecf\\u9ed8\\u8ba4\\u88ab\\u5bfc\\u5165\\u3002\\u8bf7\\u770b\\u5982\\u4e0b\\u793a\\u4f8b:<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p><b>1. \\u5f80\\u54c8\\u5e0c\\u8868\\u4e2d\\u6dfb\\u52a0\\u4e00\\u4e2a\\u5bf9\\u8c61\\uff1a<\\/b>\\r\\n<pre>\\r\\nstruct hash_entry {\\r\\n int id; \\/* we'll use this field as the key *\\/\\r\\n char name[10];\\r\\n UT_hash_handle hh; \\/* makes this structure hashable *\\/\\r\\n};\\r\\n\\r\\nstruct hash_entry *users = NULL;\\r\\n\\r\\nvoid add_user(struct hash_entry *s) {\\r\\n 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