leetcode-problemset/leetcode-cn/originData/random-pick-with-weight.json

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        "question": {
            "questionId": "912",
            "questionFrontendId": "528",
            "categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
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            "title": "Random Pick with Weight",
            "titleSlug": "random-pick-with-weight",
            "content": "<p>You are given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> array of positive integers <code>w</code> where <code>w[i]</code> describes the <strong>weight</strong> of the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> index.</p>\n\n<p>You need to implement the function <code>pickIndex()</code>, which <strong>randomly</strong> picks an index in the range <code>[0, w.length - 1]</code> (<strong>inclusive</strong>) and returns it. The <strong>probability</strong> of picking an index <code>i</code> is <code>w[i] / sum(w)</code>.</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>For example, if <code>w = [1, 3]</code>, the probability of picking index <code>0</code> is <code>1 / (1 + 3) = 0.25</code> (i.e., <code>25%</code>), and the probability of picking index <code>1</code> is <code>3 / (1 + 3) = 0.75</code> (i.e., <code>75%</code>).</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input</strong>\n[&quot;Solution&quot;,&quot;pickIndex&quot;]\n[[[1]],[]]\n<strong>Output</strong>\n[null,0]\n\n<strong>Explanation</strong>\nSolution solution = new Solution([1]);\nsolution.pickIndex(); // return 0. The only option is to return 0 since there is only one element in w.\n</pre>\n\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 2:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input</strong>\n[&quot;Solution&quot;,&quot;pickIndex&quot;,&quot;pickIndex&quot;,&quot;pickIndex&quot;,&quot;pickIndex&quot;,&quot;pickIndex&quot;]\n[[[1,3]],[],[],[],[],[]]\n<strong>Output</strong>\n[null,1,1,1,1,0]\n\n<strong>Explanation</strong>\nSolution solution = new Solution([1, 3]);\nsolution.pickIndex(); // return 1. It is returning the second element (index = 1) that has a probability of 3/4.\nsolution.pickIndex(); // return 1\nsolution.pickIndex(); // return 1\nsolution.pickIndex(); // return 1\nsolution.pickIndex(); // return 0. It is returning the first element (index = 0) that has a probability of 1/4.\n\nSince this is a randomization problem, multiple answers are allowed.\nAll of the following outputs can be considered correct:\n[null,1,1,1,1,0]\n[null,1,1,1,1,1]\n[null,1,1,1,0,0]\n[null,1,1,1,0,1]\n[null,1,0,1,0,0]\n......\nand so on.\n</pre>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= w.length &lt;= 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= w[i] &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>pickIndex</code> will be called at most <code>10<sup>4</sup></code> times.</li>\n</ul>\n",
            "translatedTitle": "按权重随机选择",
            "translatedContent": "<p>给你一个 <strong>下标从 0 开始</strong> 的正整数数组&nbsp;<code>w</code> ，其中&nbsp;<code>w[i]</code> 代表第 <code>i</code> 个下标的权重。</p>\n\n<p>请你实现一个函数&nbsp;<code>pickIndex</code>&nbsp;，它可以 <strong>随机地</strong> 从范围 <code>[0, w.length - 1]</code> 内（含 <code>0</code> 和 <code>w.length - 1</code>）选出并返回一个下标。选取下标 <code>i</code>&nbsp;的 <strong>概率</strong> 为 <code>w[i] / sum(w)</code> 。</p>\n\n<ol>\n</ol>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>例如，对于 <code>w = [1, 3]</code>，挑选下标 <code>0</code> 的概率为 <code>1 / (1 + 3)&nbsp;= 0.25</code> （即，25%），而选取下标 <code>1</code> 的概率为 <code>3 / (1 + 3)&nbsp;= 0.75</code>（即，<code>75%</code>）。</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p><strong>示例 1：</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>输入：</strong>\n[\"Solution\",\"pickIndex\"]\n[[[1]],[]]\n<strong>输出：</strong>\n[null,0]\n<strong>解释：</strong>\nSolution solution = new Solution([1]);\nsolution.pickIndex(); // 返回 0，因为数组中只有一个元素，所以唯一的选择是返回下标 0。</pre>\n\n<p><strong>示例 2：</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>输入：</strong>\n[\"Solution\",\"pickIndex\",\"pickIndex\",\"pickIndex\",\"pickIndex\",\"pickIndex\"]\n[[[1,3]],[],[],[],[],[]]\n<strong>输出：</strong>\n[null,1,1,1,1,0]\n<strong>解释：</strong>\nSolution solution = new Solution([1, 3]);\nsolution.pickIndex(); // 返回 1，返回下标 1，返回该下标概率为 3/4 。\nsolution.pickIndex(); // 返回 1\nsolution.pickIndex(); // 返回 1\nsolution.pickIndex(); // 返回 1\nsolution.pickIndex(); // 返回 0，返回下标 0，返回该下标概率为 1/4 。\n\n由于这是一个随机问题，允许多个答案，因此下列输出都可以被认为是正确的:\n[null,1,1,1,1,0]\n[null,1,1,1,1,1]\n[null,1,1,1,0,0]\n[null,1,1,1,0,1]\n[null,1,0,1,0,0]\n......\n诸若此类。\n</pre>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= w.length &lt;= 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= w[i] &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>pickIndex</code>&nbsp;将被调用不超过 <code>10<sup>4</sup></code>&nbsp;次</li>\n</ul>\n",
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