leetcode-problemset/leetcode-cn/originData/parallel-courses-ii.json

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        "question": {
            "questionId": "1587",
            "questionFrontendId": "1494",
            "categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
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            "title": "Parallel Courses II",
            "titleSlug": "parallel-courses-ii",
            "content": "<p>You are given an integer <code>n</code>, which indicates that there are <code>n</code> courses labeled from <code>1</code> to <code>n</code>. You are also given an array <code>relations</code> where <code>relations[i] = [prevCourse<sub>i</sub>, nextCourse<sub>i</sub>]</code>, representing a prerequisite relationship between course <code>prevCourse<sub>i</sub></code> and course <code>nextCourse<sub>i</sub></code>: course <code>prevCourse<sub>i</sub></code> has to be taken before course <code>nextCourse<sub>i</sub></code>. Also, you are given the integer <code>k</code>.</p>\n\n<p>In one semester, you can take <strong>at most</strong> <code>k</code> courses as long as you have taken all the prerequisites in the <strong>previous</strong> semesters for the courses you are taking.</p>\n\n<p>Return <em>the <strong>minimum</strong> number of semesters needed to take all courses</em>. The testcases will be generated such that it is possible to take every course.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/05/22/leetcode_parallel_courses_1.png\" style=\"width: 269px; height: 147px;\" />\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:</strong> n = 4, relations = [[2,1],[3,1],[1,4]], k = 2\n<strong>Output:</strong> 3\n<strong>Explanation:</strong> The figure above represents the given graph.\nIn the first semester, you can take courses 2 and 3.\nIn the second semester, you can take course 1.\nIn the third semester, you can take course 4.\n</pre>\n\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 2:</strong></p>\n<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/05/22/leetcode_parallel_courses_2.png\" style=\"width: 271px; height: 211px;\" />\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:</strong> n = 5, relations = [[2,1],[3,1],[4,1],[1,5]], k = 2\n<strong>Output:</strong> 4\n<strong>Explanation:</strong> The figure above represents the given graph.\nIn the first semester, you can only take courses 2 and 3 since you cannot take more than two per semester.\nIn the second semester, you can take course 4.\nIn the third semester, you can take course 1.\nIn the fourth semester, you can take course 5.\n</pre>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 15</code></li>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= n</code></li>\n\t<li><code>0 &lt;= relations.length &lt;= n * (n-1) / 2</code></li>\n\t<li><code>relations[i].length == 2</code></li>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= prevCourse<sub>i</sub>, nextCourse<sub>i</sub> &lt;= n</code></li>\n\t<li><code>prevCourse<sub>i</sub> != nextCourse<sub>i</sub></code></li>\n\t<li>All the pairs <code>[prevCourse<sub>i</sub>, nextCourse<sub>i</sub>]</code> are <strong>unique</strong>.</li>\n\t<li>The given graph is a directed acyclic graph.</li>\n</ul>\n",
            "translatedTitle": "并行课程 II",
            "translatedContent": "<p>给你一个整数&nbsp;<code>n</code>&nbsp;表示某所大学里课程的数目，编号为&nbsp;<code>1</code>&nbsp;到&nbsp;<code>n</code>&nbsp;，数组&nbsp;<code>relations</code>&nbsp;中，&nbsp;<code>relations[i] = [x<sub>i</sub>, y<sub>i</sub>]</code>&nbsp; 表示一个先修课的关系，也就是课程&nbsp;<code>x<sub>i</sub></code>&nbsp;必须在课程&nbsp;<code>y<sub>i</sub></code><sub>&nbsp;</sub>之前上。同时你还有一个整数&nbsp;<code>k</code>&nbsp;。</p>\n\n<p>在一个学期中，你 <strong>最多</strong>&nbsp;可以同时上 <code>k</code>&nbsp;门课，前提是这些课的先修课在之前的学期里已经上过了。</p>\n\n<p>请你返回上完所有课最少需要多少个学期。题目保证一定存在一种上完所有课的方式。</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p><strong>示例 1：</strong></p>\n\n<p><strong><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://assets.leetcode-cn.com/aliyun-lc-upload/uploads/2020/06/27/leetcode_parallel_courses_1.png\" style=\"height: 164px; width: 300px;\" /></strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>输入：</strong>n = 4, relations = [[2,1],[3,1],[1,4]], k = 2\n<strong>输出：</strong>3 \n<strong>解释：</strong>上图展示了题目输入的图。在第一个学期中，我们可以上课程 2 和课程 3 。然后第二个学期上课程 1 ，第三个学期上课程 4 。\n</pre>\n\n<p><strong>示例 2：</strong></p>\n\n<p><strong><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://assets.leetcode-cn.com/aliyun-lc-upload/uploads/2020/06/27/leetcode_parallel_courses_2.png\" style=\"height: 234px; width: 300px;\" /></strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>输入：</strong>n = 5, relations = [[2,1],[3,1],[4,1],[1,5]], k = 2\n<strong>输出：</strong>4 \n<strong>解释：</strong>上图展示了题目输入的图。一个最优方案是：第一学期上课程 2 和 3，第二学期上课程 4 ，第三学期上课程 1 ，第四学期上课程 5 。\n</pre>\n\n<p><strong>示例 3：</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>输入：</strong>n = 11, relations = [], k = 2\n<strong>输出：</strong>6\n</pre>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 15</code></li>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= n</code></li>\n\t<li><code>0 &lt;=&nbsp;relations.length &lt;= n * (n-1) / 2</code></li>\n\t<li><code>relations[i].length == 2</code></li>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= x<sub>i</sub>, y<sub>i</sub>&nbsp;&lt;= n</code></li>\n\t<li><code>x<sub>i</sub> != y<sub>i</sub></code></li>\n\t<li>所有先修关系都是不同的，也就是说&nbsp;<code>relations[i] != relations[j]</code>&nbsp;。</li>\n\t<li>题目输入的图是个有向无环图。</li>\n</ul>\n",
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                "Use backtracking with states (bitmask, degrees) where bitmask represents the set of courses, if the ith bit is 1 then the ith course was taken, otherwise, you can take the ith course. Degrees represent the degree for each course (nodes in the graph).",
                "Note that you can only take nodes (courses) with degree = 0 and it is optimal at every step in the backtracking take the maximum number of courses limited by k."
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