leetcode-problemset/leetcode-cn/originData/random-pick-with-blacklist.json

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        "question": {
            "questionId": "894",
            "questionFrontendId": "710",
            "categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
            "boundTopicId": 1861,
            "title": "Random Pick with Blacklist",
            "titleSlug": "random-pick-with-blacklist",
            "content": "<p>You are given an integer <code>n</code> and an array of <strong>unique</strong> integers <code>blacklist</code>. Design an algorithm to pick a random integer in the range <code>[0, n - 1]</code> that is <strong>not</strong> in <code>blacklist</code>. Any integer that is in the mentioned range and not in <code>blacklist</code> should be <strong>equally likely</strong> to be returned.</p>\n\n<p>Optimize your algorithm such that it minimizes the number of calls to the <strong>built-in</strong> random function of your language.</p>\n\n<p>Implement the <code>Solution</code> class:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>Solution(int n, int[] blacklist)</code> Initializes the object with the integer <code>n</code> and the blacklisted integers <code>blacklist</code>.</li>\n\t<li><code>int pick()</code> Returns a random integer in the range <code>[0, n - 1]</code> and not in <code>blacklist</code>.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input</strong>\n[&quot;Solution&quot;, &quot;pick&quot;, &quot;pick&quot;, &quot;pick&quot;, &quot;pick&quot;, &quot;pick&quot;, &quot;pick&quot;, &quot;pick&quot;]\n[[7, [2, 3, 5]], [], [], [], [], [], [], []]\n<strong>Output</strong>\n[null, 0, 4, 1, 6, 1, 0, 4]\n\n<strong>Explanation</strong>\nSolution solution = new Solution(7, [2, 3, 5]);\nsolution.pick(); // return 0, any integer from [0,1,4,6] should be ok. Note that for every call of pick,\n                 // 0, 1, 4, and 6 must be equally likely to be returned (i.e., with probability 1/4).\nsolution.pick(); // return 4\nsolution.pick(); // return 1\nsolution.pick(); // return 6\nsolution.pick(); // return 1\nsolution.pick(); // return 0\nsolution.pick(); // return 4\n</pre>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>0 &lt;= blacklist.length &lt;= min(10<sup>5</sup>, n - 1)</code></li>\n\t<li><code>0 &lt;= blacklist[i] &lt; n</code></li>\n\t<li>All the values of <code>blacklist</code> are <strong>unique</strong>.</li>\n\t<li>At most <code>2 * 10<sup>4</sup></code> calls will be made to <code>pick</code>.</li>\n</ul>\n",
            "translatedTitle": "黑名单中的随机数",
            "translatedContent": "<p>给定一个整数 <code>n</code> 和一个 <strong>无重复</strong> 黑名单整数数组&nbsp;<code>blacklist</code>&nbsp;。设计一种算法，从 <code>[0, n - 1]</code> 范围内的任意整数中选取一个&nbsp;<strong>未加入&nbsp;</strong>黑名单&nbsp;<code>blacklist</code>&nbsp;的整数。任何在上述范围内且不在黑名单&nbsp;<code>blacklist</code>&nbsp;中的整数都应该有 <strong>同等的可能性</strong> 被返回。</p>\n\n<p>优化你的算法，使它最小化调用语言 <strong>内置</strong> 随机函数的次数。</p>\n\n<p>实现&nbsp;<code>Solution</code>&nbsp;类:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>Solution(int n, int[] blacklist)</code>&nbsp;初始化整数 <code>n</code> 和被加入黑名单&nbsp;<code>blacklist</code>&nbsp;的整数</li>\n\t<li><code>int pick()</code>&nbsp;返回一个范围为 <code>[0, n - 1]</code> 且不在黑名单&nbsp;<code>blacklist</code> 中的随机整数</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p><strong>示例 1：</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>输入</strong>\n[\"Solution\", \"pick\", \"pick\", \"pick\", \"pick\", \"pick\", \"pick\", \"pick\"]\n[[7, [2, 3, 5]], [], [], [], [], [], [], []]\n<strong>输出</strong>\n[null, 0, 4, 1, 6, 1, 0, 4]\n\n<b>解释\n</b>Solution solution = new Solution(7, [2, 3, 5]);\nsolution.pick(); // 返回0，任何[0,1,4,6]的整数都可以。注意，对于每一个pick的调用，\n                 // 0、1、4和6的返回概率必须相等(即概率为1/4)。\nsolution.pick(); // 返回 4\nsolution.pick(); // 返回 1\nsolution.pick(); // 返回 6\nsolution.pick(); // 返回 1\nsolution.pick(); // 返回 0\nsolution.pick(); // 返回 4\n</pre>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p><strong>提示:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>0 &lt;= blacklist.length &lt;= min(10<sup>5</sup>, n - 1)</code></li>\n\t<li><code>0 &lt;= blacklist[i] &lt; n</code></li>\n\t<li><code>blacklist</code>&nbsp;中所有值都 <strong>不同</strong></li>\n\t<li>&nbsp;<code>pick</code>&nbsp;最多被调用&nbsp;<code>2 * 10<sup>4</sup></code>&nbsp;次</li>\n</ul>\n",
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