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69 lines
5.7 KiB
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69 lines
5.7 KiB
HTML
<p>A kingdom consists of a king, his children, his grandchildren, and so on. Every once in a while, someone in the family dies or a child is born.</p>
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<p>The kingdom has a well-defined order of inheritance that consists of the king as the first member. Let's define the recursive function <code>Successor(x, curOrder)</code>, which given a person <code>x</code> and the inheritance order so far, returns who should be the next person after <code>x</code> in the order of inheritance.</p>
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<pre>
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Successor(x, curOrder):
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if x has no children or all of x's children are in curOrder:
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if x is the king return null
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else return Successor(x's parent, curOrder)
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else return x's oldest child who's not in curOrder
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</pre>
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<p>For example, assume we have a kingdom that consists of the king, his children Alice and Bob (Alice is older than Bob), and finally Alice's son Jack.</p>
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<ol>
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<li>In the beginning, <code>curOrder</code> will be <code>["king"]</code>.</li>
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<li>Calling <code>Successor(king, curOrder)</code> will return Alice, so we append to <code>curOrder</code> to get <code>["king", "Alice"]</code>.</li>
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<li>Calling <code>Successor(Alice, curOrder)</code> will return Jack, so we append to <code>curOrder</code> to get <code>["king", "Alice", "Jack"]</code>.</li>
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<li>Calling <code>Successor(Jack, curOrder)</code> will return Bob, so we append to <code>curOrder</code> to get <code>["king", "Alice", "Jack", "Bob"]</code>.</li>
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<li>Calling <code>Successor(Bob, curOrder)</code> will return <code>null</code>. Thus the order of inheritance will be <code>["king", "Alice", "Jack", "Bob"]</code>.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Using the above function, we can always obtain a unique order of inheritance.</p>
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<p>Implement the <code>ThroneInheritance</code> class:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>ThroneInheritance(string kingName)</code> Initializes an object of the <code>ThroneInheritance</code> class. The name of the king is given as part of the constructor.</li>
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<li><code>void birth(string parentName, string childName)</code> Indicates that <code>parentName</code> gave birth to <code>childName</code>.</li>
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<li><code>void death(string name)</code> Indicates the death of <code>name</code>. The death of the person doesn't affect the <code>Successor</code> function nor the current inheritance order. You can treat it as just marking the person as dead.</li>
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<li><code>string[] getInheritanceOrder()</code> Returns a list representing the current order of inheritance <strong>excluding</strong> dead people.</li>
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</ul>
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<p> </p>
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<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>
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<pre>
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<strong>Input</strong>
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["ThroneInheritance", "birth", "birth", "birth", "birth", "birth", "birth", "getInheritanceOrder", "death", "getInheritanceOrder"]
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[["king"], ["king", "andy"], ["king", "bob"], ["king", "catherine"], ["andy", "matthew"], ["bob", "alex"], ["bob", "asha"], [null], ["bob"], [null]]
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<strong>Output</strong>
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[null, null, null, null, null, null, null, ["king", "andy", "matthew", "bob", "alex", "asha", "catherine"], null, ["king", "andy", "matthew", "alex", "asha", "catherine"]]
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<strong>Explanation</strong>
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ThroneInheritance t= new ThroneInheritance("king"); // order: <strong>king</strong>
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t.birth("king", "andy"); // order: king > <strong>andy</strong>
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t.birth("king", "bob"); // order: king > andy > <strong>bob</strong>
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t.birth("king", "catherine"); // order: king > andy > bob > <strong>catherine</strong>
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t.birth("andy", "matthew"); // order: king > andy > <strong>matthew</strong> > bob > catherine
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t.birth("bob", "alex"); // order: king > andy > matthew > bob > <strong>alex</strong> > catherine
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t.birth("bob", "asha"); // order: king > andy > matthew > bob > alex > <strong>asha</strong> > catherine
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t.getInheritanceOrder(); // return ["king", "andy", "matthew", "bob", "alex", "asha", "catherine"]
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t.death("bob"); // order: king > andy > matthew > <strong><s>bob</s></strong> > alex > asha > catherine
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t.getInheritanceOrder(); // return ["king", "andy", "matthew", "alex", "asha", "catherine"]
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</pre>
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<p> </p>
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<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>1 <= kingName.length, parentName.length, childName.length, name.length <= 15</code></li>
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<li><code>kingName</code>, <code>parentName</code>, <code>childName</code>, and <code>name</code> consist of lowercase English letters only.</li>
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<li>All arguments <code>childName</code> and <code>kingName</code> are <strong>distinct</strong>.</li>
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<li>All <code>name</code> arguments of <code>death</code> will be passed to either the constructor or as <code>childName</code> to <code>birth</code> first.</li>
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<li>For each call to <code>birth(parentName, childName)</code>, it is guaranteed that <code>parentName</code> is alive.</li>
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<li>At most <code>10<sup>5</sup></code> calls will be made to <code>birth</code> and <code>death</code>.</li>
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<li>At most <code>10</code> calls will be made to <code>getInheritanceOrder</code>.</li>
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</ul>
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