mirror of
https://gitee.com/coder-xiaomo/leetcode-problemset
synced 2025-01-11 02:58:13 +08:00
149 lines
25 KiB
JSON
149 lines
25 KiB
JSON
{
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"data": {
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"question": {
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"questionId": "138",
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"questionFrontendId": "138",
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"categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
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"boundTopicId": 1298,
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"title": "Copy List with Random Pointer",
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"titleSlug": "copy-list-with-random-pointer",
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"content": "<p>A linked list of length <code>n</code> is given such that each node contains an additional random pointer, which could point to any node in the list, or <code>null</code>.</p>\n\n<p>Construct a <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_copying#Deep_copy\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>deep copy</strong></a> of the list. The deep copy should consist of exactly <code>n</code> <strong>brand new</strong> nodes, where each new node has its value set to the value of its corresponding original node. Both the <code>next</code> and <code>random</code> pointer of the new nodes should point to new nodes in the copied list such that the pointers in the original list and copied list represent the same list state. <strong>None of the pointers in the new list should point to nodes in the original list</strong>.</p>\n\n<p>For example, if there are two nodes <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> in the original list, where <code>X.random --> Y</code>, then for the corresponding two nodes <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> in the copied list, <code>x.random --> y</code>.</p>\n\n<p>Return <em>the head of the copied linked list</em>.</p>\n\n<p>The linked list is represented in the input/output as a list of <code>n</code> nodes. Each node is represented as a pair of <code>[val, random_index]</code> where:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>val</code>: an integer representing <code>Node.val</code></li>\n\t<li><code>random_index</code>: the index of the node (range from <code>0</code> to <code>n-1</code>) that the <code>random</code> pointer points to, or <code>null</code> if it does not point to any node.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>Your code will <strong>only</strong> be given the <code>head</code> of the original linked list.</p>\n\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>\n<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2019/12/18/e1.png\" style=\"width: 700px; height: 142px;\" />\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:</strong> head = [[7,null],[13,0],[11,4],[10,2],[1,0]]\n<strong>Output:</strong> [[7,null],[13,0],[11,4],[10,2],[1,0]]\n</pre>\n\n<p><strong>Example 2:</strong></p>\n<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2019/12/18/e2.png\" style=\"width: 700px; height: 114px;\" />\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:</strong> head = [[1,1],[2,1]]\n<strong>Output:</strong> [[1,1],[2,1]]\n</pre>\n\n<p><strong>Example 3:</strong></p>\n\n<p><strong><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2019/12/18/e3.png\" style=\"width: 700px; height: 122px;\" /></strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:</strong> head = [[3,null],[3,0],[3,null]]\n<strong>Output:</strong> [[3,null],[3,0],[3,null]]\n</pre>\n\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>0 <= n <= 1000</code></li>\n\t<li><code>-10<sup>4</sup> <= Node.val <= 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>Node.random</code> is <code>null</code> or is pointing to some node in the linked list.</li>\n</ul>\n",
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"translatedTitle": "复制带随机指针的链表",
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"translatedContent": "<p>给你一个长度为 <code>n</code> 的链表，每个节点包含一个额外增加的随机指针 <code>random</code> ，该指针可以指向链表中的任何节点或空节点。</p>\n\n<p>构造这个链表的 <strong><a href=\"https://baike.baidu.com/item/深拷贝/22785317?fr=aladdin\" target=\"_blank\">深拷贝</a></strong>。 深拷贝应该正好由 <code>n</code> 个 <strong>全新</strong> 节点组成，其中每个新节点的值都设为其对应的原节点的值。新节点的 <code>next</code> 指针和 <code>random</code> 指针也都应指向复制链表中的新节点，并使原链表和复制链表中的这些指针能够表示相同的链表状态。<strong>复制链表中的指针都不应指向原链表中的节点 </strong>。</p>\n\n<p>例如，如果原链表中有 <code>X</code> 和 <code>Y</code> 两个节点，其中 <code>X.random --> Y</code> 。那么在复制链表中对应的两个节点 <code>x</code> 和 <code>y</code> ，同样有 <code>x.random --> y</code> 。</p>\n\n<p>返回复制链表的头节点。</p>\n\n<p>用一个由 <code>n</code> 个节点组成的链表来表示输入/输出中的链表。每个节点用一个 <code>[val, random_index]</code> 表示：</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>val</code>：一个表示 <code>Node.val</code> 的整数。</li>\n\t<li><code>random_index</code>：随机指针指向的节点索引（范围从 <code>0</code> 到 <code>n-1</code>）；如果不指向任何节点，则为 <code>null</code> 。</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>你的代码 <strong>只</strong> 接受原链表的头节点 <code>head</code> 作为传入参数。</p>\n\n<p> </p>\n\n<p><strong>示例 1：</strong></p>\n\n<p><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://assets.leetcode-cn.com/aliyun-lc-upload/uploads/2020/01/09/e1.png\" style=\"height: 142px; width: 700px;\" /></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>输入：</strong>head = [[7,null],[13,0],[11,4],[10,2],[1,0]]\n<strong>输出：</strong>[[7,null],[13,0],[11,4],[10,2],[1,0]]\n</pre>\n\n<p><strong>示例 2：</strong></p>\n\n<p><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://assets.leetcode-cn.com/aliyun-lc-upload/uploads/2020/01/09/e2.png\" style=\"height: 114px; width: 700px;\" /></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>输入：</strong>head = [[1,1],[2,1]]\n<strong>输出：</strong>[[1,1],[2,1]]\n</pre>\n\n<p><strong>示例 3：</strong></p>\n\n<p><strong><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://assets.leetcode-cn.com/aliyun-lc-upload/uploads/2020/01/09/e3.png\" style=\"height: 122px; width: 700px;\" /></strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>输入：</strong>head = [[3,null],[3,0],[3,null]]\n<strong>输出：</strong>[[3,null],[3,0],[3,null]]\n</pre>\n\n<p> </p>\n\n<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>0 <= n <= 1000</code><meta charset=\"UTF-8\" /></li>\n\t<li><code>-10<sup>4</sup> <= Node.val <= 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>Node.random</code> 为 <code>null</code> 或指向链表中的节点。</li>\n</ul>\n",
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"difficulty": "Medium",
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"code": "# Definition for Node.\n# class Node\n# attr_accessor :val, :next, :random\n# def initialize(val = 0)\n# @val = val\n#\t\t @next = nil\n#\t\t @random = nil\n# end\n# end\n\n# @param {Node} node\n# @return {Node}\ndef copyRandomList(head)\n \nend",
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"Just iterate the linked list and create copies of the nodes on the go. Since a node can be referenced from multiple nodes due to the random pointers, make sure you are not making multiple copies of the same node.",
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"You may want to use extra space to keep <b>old node ---> new node</b> mapping to prevent creating multiples copies of same node.",
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"We can avoid using extra space for old node ---> new node mapping, by tweaking the original linked list. Simply interweave the nodes of the old and copied list. \r\nFor e.g.\r\n<pre>\r\nOld List: A --> B --> C --> D\r\nInterWeaved List: A --> A' --> B --> B' --> C --> C' --> D --> D'\r\n</pre>",
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"The interweaving is done using <b>next</b> pointers and we can make use of interweaved structure to get the correct reference nodes for <b>random</b> pointers."
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