mirror of
https://gitee.com/coder-xiaomo/leetcode-problemset
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192 lines
34 KiB
JSON
192 lines
34 KiB
JSON
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"questionId": "381",
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"categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
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"boundTopicId": 1653,
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"title": "Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) - Duplicates allowed",
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"content": "<p><code>RandomizedCollection</code> is a data structure that contains a collection of numbers, possibly duplicates (i.e., a multiset). It should support inserting and removing specific elements and also reporting a random element.</p>\n\n<p>Implement the <code>RandomizedCollection</code> class:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>RandomizedCollection()</code> Initializes the empty <code>RandomizedCollection</code> object.</li>\n\t<li><code>bool insert(int val)</code> Inserts an item <code>val</code> into the multiset, even if the item is already present. Returns <code>true</code> if the item is not present, <code>false</code> otherwise.</li>\n\t<li><code>bool remove(int val)</code> Removes an item <code>val</code> from the multiset if present. Returns <code>true</code> if the item is present, <code>false</code> otherwise. Note that if <code>val</code> has multiple occurrences in the multiset, we only remove one of them.</li>\n\t<li><code>int getRandom()</code> Returns a random element from the current multiset of elements. The probability of each element being returned is <strong>linearly related</strong> to the number of the same values the multiset contains.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>You must implement the functions of the class such that each function works on <strong>average</strong> <code>O(1)</code> time complexity.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Note:</strong> The test cases are generated such that <code>getRandom</code> will only be called if there is <strong>at least one</strong> item in the <code>RandomizedCollection</code>.</p>\n\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input</strong>\n["RandomizedCollection", "insert", "insert", "insert", "getRandom", "remove", "getRandom"]\n[[], [1], [1], [2], [], [1], []]\n<strong>Output</strong>\n[null, true, false, true, 2, true, 1]\n\n<strong>Explanation</strong>\nRandomizedCollection randomizedCollection = new RandomizedCollection();\nrandomizedCollection.insert(1); // return true since the collection does not contain 1.\n // Inserts 1 into the collection.\nrandomizedCollection.insert(1); // return false since the collection contains 1.\n // Inserts another 1 into the collection. Collection now contains [1,1].\nrandomizedCollection.insert(2); // return true since the collection does not contain 2.\n // Inserts 2 into the collection. Collection now contains [1,1,2].\nrandomizedCollection.getRandom(); // getRandom should:\n // - return 1 with probability 2/3, or\n // - return 2 with probability 1/3.\nrandomizedCollection.remove(1); // return true since the collection contains 1.\n // Removes 1 from the collection. Collection now contains [1,2].\nrandomizedCollection.getRandom(); // getRandom should return 1 or 2, both equally likely.\n</pre>\n\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>-2<sup>31</sup> <= val <= 2<sup>31</sup> - 1</code></li>\n\t<li>At most <code>2 * 10<sup>5</sup></code> calls <strong>in total</strong> will be made to <code>insert</code>, <code>remove</code>, and <code>getRandom</code>.</li>\n\t<li>There will be <strong>at least one</strong> element in the data structure when <code>getRandom</code> is called.</li>\n</ul>\n",
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"translatedTitle": "O(1) 时间插入、删除和获取随机元素 - 允许重复",
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"translatedContent": "<p><code>RandomizedCollection</code> 是一种包含数字集合(可能是重复的)的数据结构。它应该支持插入和删除特定元素,以及删除随机元素。</p>\n\n<p>实现 <code>RandomizedCollection</code> 类:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>RandomizedCollection()</code>初始化空的 <code>RandomizedCollection</code> 对象。</li>\n\t<li><code>bool insert(int val)</code> 将一个 <code>val</code> 项插入到集合中,即使该项已经存在。如果该项不存在,则返回 <code>true</code> ,否则返回 <code>false</code> 。</li>\n\t<li><code>bool remove(int val)</code> 如果存在,从集合中移除一个 <code>val</code> 项。如果该项存在,则返回 <code>true</code> ,否则返回 <code>false</code> 。注意,如果 <code>val</code> 在集合中出现多次,我们只删除其中一个。</li>\n\t<li><code>int getRandom()</code> 从当前的多个元素集合中返回一个随机元素。每个元素被返回的概率与集合中包含的相同值的数量 <strong>线性相关</strong> 。</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>您必须实现类的函数,使每个函数的 <strong>平均</strong> 时间复杂度为 <code>O(1)</code> 。</p>\n\n<p><strong>注意:</strong>生成测试用例时,只有在 <code>RandomizedCollection</code> 中 <strong>至少有一项</strong> 时,才会调用 <code>getRandom</code> 。</p>\n\n<p> </p>\n\n<p><strong>示例 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>输入</strong>\n[\"RandomizedCollection\", \"insert\", \"insert\", \"insert\", \"getRandom\", \"remove\", \"getRandom\"]\n[[], [1], [1], [2], [], [1], []]\n<strong>输出</strong>\n[null, true, false, true, 2, true, 1]\n\n<strong>解释</strong>\nRandomizedCollection collection = new RandomizedCollection();// 初始化一个空的集合。\ncollection.insert(1); // 返回 true,因为集合不包含 1。\n // 将 1 插入到集合中。\ncollection.insert(1); // 返回 false,因为集合包含 1。\n // 将另一个 1 插入到集合中。集合现在包含 [1,1]。\ncollection.insert(2); // 返回 true,因为集合不包含 2。\n // 将 2 插入到集合中。集合现在包含 [1,1,2]。\ncollection.getRandom(); // getRandom 应当:\n // 有 2/3 的概率返回 1,\n // 1/3 的概率返回 2。\ncollection.remove(1); // 返回 true,因为集合包含 1。\n // 从集合中移除 1。集合现在包含 [1,2]。\ncollection.getRandom(); // getRandom 应该返回 1 或 2,两者的可能性相同。</pre>\n\n<p> </p>\n\n<p><strong>提示:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>-2<sup>31</sup> <= val <= 2<sup>31</sup> - 1</code></li>\n\t<li><code>insert</code>, <code>remove</code> 和 <code>getRandom</code> 最多 <strong>总共</strong> 被调用 <code>2 * 10<sup>5</sup></code> 次</li>\n\t<li>当调用 <code>getRandom</code> 时,数据结构中 <strong>至少有一个</strong> 元素</li>\n</ul>\n",
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