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        "question": {
            "questionId": "3464",
            "questionFrontendId": "3196",
            "categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
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            "title": "Maximize Total Cost of Alternating Subarrays",
            "titleSlug": "maximize-total-cost-of-alternating-subarrays",
            "content": "<p>You are given an integer array <code>nums</code> with length <code>n</code>.</p>\n\n<p>The <strong>cost</strong> of a <span data-keyword=\"subarray-nonempty\">subarray</span> <code>nums[l..r]</code>, where <code>0 &lt;= l &lt;= r &lt; n</code>, is defined as:</p>\n\n<p><code>cost(l, r) = nums[l] - nums[l + 1] + ... + nums[r] * (&minus;1)<sup>r &minus; l</sup></code></p>\n\n<p>Your task is to <strong>split</strong> <code>nums</code> into subarrays such that the <strong>total</strong> <strong>cost</strong> of the subarrays is <strong>maximized</strong>, ensuring each element belongs to <strong>exactly one</strong> subarray.</p>\n\n<p>Formally, if <code>nums</code> is split into <code>k</code> subarrays, where <code>k &gt; 1</code>, at indices <code>i<sub>1</sub>, i<sub>2</sub>, ..., i<sub>k &minus; 1</sub></code>, where <code>0 &lt;= i<sub>1</sub> &lt; i<sub>2</sub> &lt; ... &lt; i<sub>k - 1</sub> &lt; n - 1</code>, then the total cost will be:</p>\n\n<p><code>cost(0, i<sub>1</sub>) + cost(i<sub>1</sub> + 1, i<sub>2</sub>) + ... + cost(i<sub>k &minus; 1</sub> + 1, n &minus; 1)</code></p>\n\n<p>Return an integer denoting the <em>maximum total cost</em> of the subarrays after splitting the array optimally.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Note:</strong> If <code>nums</code> is not split into subarrays, i.e. <code>k = 1</code>, the total cost is simply <code>cost(0, n - 1)</code>.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">nums = [1,-2,3,4]</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>Output:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">10</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>\n\n<p>One way to maximize the total cost is by splitting <code>[1, -2, 3, 4]</code> into subarrays <code>[1, -2, 3]</code> and <code>[4]</code>. The total cost will be <code>(1 + 2 + 3) + 4 = 10</code>.</p>\n</div>\n\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 2:</strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">nums = [1,-1,1,-1]</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>Output:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">4</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>\n\n<p>One way to maximize the total cost is by splitting <code>[1, -1, 1, -1]</code> into subarrays <code>[1, -1]</code> and <code>[1, -1]</code>. The total cost will be <code>(1 + 1) + (1 + 1) = 4</code>.</p>\n</div>\n\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 3:</strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">nums = [0]</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>Output:</strong> 0</p>\n\n<p><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>\n\n<p>We cannot split the array further, so the answer is 0.</p>\n</div>\n\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 4:</strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">nums = [1,-1]</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>Output:</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">2</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>\n\n<p>Selecting the whole array gives a total cost of <code>1 + 1 = 2</code>, which is the maximum.</p>\n</div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>-10<sup>9</sup> &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>\n</ul>\n",
            "translatedTitle": "最大化子数组的总成本",
            "translatedContent": "<p>给你一个长度为 <code>n</code> 的整数数组 <code>nums</code>。</p>\n\n<p>子数组 <code>nums[l..r]</code>（其中 <code>0 &lt;= l &lt;= r &lt; n</code>）的 <strong>成本 </strong>定义为：</p>\n\n<p><code>cost(l, r) = nums[l] - nums[l + 1] + ... + nums[r] * (−1)<sup>r − l</sup></code></p>\n\n<p>你的任务是将 <code>nums</code> 分割成若干子数组，使得所有子数组的成本之和 <strong>最大化</strong>，并确保每个元素 <strong>正好 </strong>属于一个子数组。</p>\n\n<p>具体来说，如果 <code>nums</code> 被分割成 <code>k</code> 个子数组，且分割点为索引 <code>i<sub>1</sub>, i<sub>2</sub>, ..., i<sub>k − 1</sub></code>（其中 <code>0 &lt;= i<sub>1</sub> &lt; i<sub>2</sub> &lt; ... &lt; i<sub>k - 1</sub> &lt; n - 1</code>），则总成本为：</p>\n\n<p><code>cost(0, i<sub>1</sub>) + cost(i<sub>1</sub> + 1, i<sub>2</sub>) + ... + cost(i<sub>k − 1</sub> + 1, n − 1)</code></p>\n\n<p>返回在最优分割方式下的子数组成本之和的最大值。</p>\n\n<p><strong>注意：</strong>如果 <code>nums</code> 没有被分割，即 <code>k = 1</code>，则总成本即为 <code>cost(0, n - 1)</code>。</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p><strong class=\"example\">示例 1：</strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<p><strong>输入：</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">nums = [1,-2,3,4]</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>输出：</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">10</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>解释：</strong></p>\n\n<p>一种总成本最大化的方法是将 <code>[1, -2, 3, 4]</code> 分割成子数组 <code>[1, -2, 3]</code> 和 <code>[4]</code>。总成本为 <code>(1 + 2 + 3) + 4 = 10</code>。</p>\n</div>\n\n<p><strong class=\"example\">示例 2：</strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<p><strong>输入：</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">nums = [1,-1,1,-1]</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>输出：</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">4</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>解释：</strong></p>\n\n<p>一种总成本最大化的方法是将 <code>[1, -1, 1, -1]</code> 分割成子数组 <code>[1, -1]</code> 和 <code>[1, -1]</code>。总成本为 <code>(1 + 1) + (1 + 1) = 4</code>。</p>\n</div>\n\n<p><strong class=\"example\">示例 3：</strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<p><strong>输入：</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">nums = [0]</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>输出：</strong> 0</p>\n\n<p><strong>解释：</strong></p>\n\n<p>无法进一步分割数组，因此答案为 0。</p>\n</div>\n\n<p><strong class=\"example\">示例 4：</strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"example-block\">\n<p><strong>输入：</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">nums = [1,-1]</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>输出：</strong> <span class=\"example-io\">2</span></p>\n\n<p><strong>解释：</strong></p>\n\n<p>选择整个数组，总成本为 <code>1 + 1 = 2</code>，这是可能的最大成本。</p>\n</div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>-10<sup>9</sup> &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>\n</ul>\n",
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            "hints": [
                "The problem can be solved using dynamic programming.",
                "Since we can always start a new subarray, the problem is the same as selecting some elements in the array and flipping their signs to negative to maximize the sum. However, we cannot flip the signs of 2 consecutive elements, and the first element in the array cannot be negative.",
                "Let <code>dp[i][0/1]</code> be the largest sum we can get for prefix <code>nums[0..i]</code>, where <code>dp[i][0]</code> is the maximum if the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> element wasn't flipped, and <code>dp[i][1]</code> is the maximum if the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> element was flipped.",
                "Based on the restriction:<br />\r\n<code>dp[i][0] = max(dp[i - 1][0], dp[i - 1][1]) + nums[i]</code><br />\r\n<code>dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][0] - nums[i]</code>",
                "The initial state is:<br />\r\n<code>dp[1][0] = nums[0] + nums[1]</code><br />\r\n<code>dp[1][1] = nums[0] - nums[1]</code><br />\r\nand the answer is <code>max(dp[n - 1][0], dp[n - 1][1])</code>.",
                "Can you optimize the space complexity?"
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\\u7b2c\\u4e09\\u65b9\\u5e93\\u3002<\\/p>\"],\"python3\":[\"Python3\",\"<p>\\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a<code>Python 3.11<\\/code><\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>\\u4e3a\\u4e86\\u65b9\\u4fbf\\u8d77\\u89c1\\uff0c\\u5927\\u90e8\\u5206\\u5e38\\u7528\\u5e93\\u5df2\\u7ecf\\u88ab\\u81ea\\u52a8 \\u5bfc\\u5165\\uff0c\\u5982<a href=\\\"https:\\/\\/docs.python.org\\/3\\/library\\/array.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">array<\\/a>, <a href=\\\"https:\\/\\/docs.python.org\\/3\\/library\\/bisect.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">bisect<\\/a>, <a href=\\\"https:\\/\\/docs.python.org\\/3\\/library\\/collections.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">collections<\\/a>\\u3002 \\u5982\\u679c\\u60a8\\u9700\\u8981\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u5176\\u4ed6\\u5e93\\u51fd\\u6570\\uff0c\\u8bf7\\u81ea\\u884c\\u5bfc\\u5165\\u3002<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>\\u5982\\u9700\\u4f7f\\u7528 Map\\/TreeMap \\u6570\\u636e\\u7ed3\\u6784\\uff0c\\u60a8\\u53ef\\u4f7f\\u7528 <a href=\\\"http:\\/\\/www.grantjenks.com\\/docs\\/sortedcontainers\\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">sortedcontainers<\\/a> \\u5e93\\u3002<\\/p>\"],\"scala\":[\"Scala\",\"<p>\\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a<code>Scala 3.3.1<\\/code><\\/p>\"],\"kotlin\":[\"Kotlin\",\"<p>\\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a<code>Kotlin 1.9.0<\\/code><\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>\\u6211\\u4eec\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u7684\\u662f JetBrains \\u63d0\\u4f9b\\u7684 experimental compiler\\u3002\\u5982\\u679c\\u60a8\\u8ba4\\u4e3a\\u60a8\\u9047\\u5230\\u4e86\\u7f16\\u8bd1\\u5668\\u76f8\\u5173\\u7684\\u95ee\\u9898\\uff0c\\u8bf7\\u5411\\u6211\\u4eec\\u53cd\\u9988<\\/p>\"],\"rust\":[\"Rust\",\"<p>\\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a<code>rust 1.79.0<\\/code><\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>\\u652f\\u6301 crates.io \\u7684 <a href=\\\"https:\\/\\/crates.io\\/crates\\/rand\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">rand<\\/a> \\u548c <a href=\\\"https:\\/\\/crates.io\\/crates\\/regex\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">regex<\\/a><\\/p>\"],\"php\":[\"PHP\",\"<p><code>PHP 8.2<\\/code>.<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>With bcmath module.<\\/p>\"],\"typescript\":[\"TypeScript\",\"<p>TypeScript 5.1.6<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>Compile Options: --alwaysStrict --strictBindCallApply --strictFunctionTypes --target ES2022<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\/\\/lodash.com\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">lodash.js<\\/a> \\u5e93\\u5df2\\u7ecf\\u9ed8\\u8ba4\\u88ab\\u5305\\u542b\\u3002<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p> \\u5982\\u9700\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u961f\\u5217\\/\\u4f18\\u5148\\u961f\\u5217\\uff0c\\u60a8\\u53ef\\u4f7f\\u7528 <a href=\\\"https:\\/\\/github.com\\/datastructures-js\\/priority-queue\\/blob\\/v5\\/README.md\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"> datastructures-js\\/priority-queue@5.4.0<\\/a>\\uff0c<a href=\\\"https:\\/\\/github.com\\/datastructures-js\\/queue\\/tree\\/v4.2.3\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"> datastructures-js\\/queue@4.2.3<\\/a> \\u4ee5\\u53ca <a href=\\\"https:\\/\\/github.com\\/datastructures-js\\/deque\\/tree\\/v1.0.4\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"> datastructures-js\\/deque@1.0.4<\\/a>\\u3002<\\/p>\"],\"racket\":[\"Racket\",\"<p><a href=\\\"https:\\/\\/docs.racket-lang.org\\/guide\\/performance.html#%28tech._c%29\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Racket CS<\\/a> v8.15<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>\\u4f7f\\u7528 #lang racket<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>\\u5df2\\u9884\\u5148 (require data\\/gvector data\\/queue data\\/order data\\/heap). \\u82e5\\u9700\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u5176\\u5b83\\u6570\\u636e\\u7ed3\\u6784\\uff0c\\u53ef\\u81ea\\u884c require\\u3002<\\/p>\"],\"erlang\":[\"Erlang\",\"Erlang\\/OTP 26\"],\"elixir\":[\"Elixir\",\"Elixir 1.17 with Erlang\\/OTP 26\"],\"dart\":[\"Dart\",\"<p>Dart 3.2\\u3002\\u60a8\\u53ef\\u4ee5\\u4f7f\\u7528 <a href=\\\"https:\\/\\/pub.dev\\/packages\\/collection\\/versions\\/1.18.0\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">collection<\\/a> \\u5305<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>\\u60a8\\u7684\\u4ee3\\u7801\\u5c06\\u4f1a\\u88ab\\u4e0d\\u7f16\\u8bd1\\u76f4\\u63a5\\u8fd0\\u884c<\\/p>\"],\"cangjie\":[\"Cangjie\",\"<p>\\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a0.53.11 (cjnative)<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>\\u7f16\\u8bd1\\u53c2\\u6570\\uff1a<code>-O2 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