Implement the myAtoi(string s) function, which converts a string to a 32-bit signed integer (similar to C/C++'s atoi function).
The algorithm for myAtoi(string s) is as follows:
'-' or '+'. Read this character in if it is either. This determines if the final result is negative or positive respectively. Assume the result is positive if neither is present."123" -> 123, "0032" -> 32). If no digits were read, then the integer is 0. Change the sign as necessary (from step 2).[-231, 231 - 1], then clamp the integer so that it remains in the range. Specifically, integers less than -231 should be clamped to -231, and integers greater than 231 - 1 should be clamped to 231 - 1.Note:
\n\n' ' is considered a whitespace character.\n
Example 1:
\n\n\nInput: s = "42"\nOutput: 42\nExplanation: The underlined characters are what is read in, the caret is the current reader position.\nStep 1: "42" (no characters read because there is no leading whitespace)\n ^\nStep 2: "42" (no characters read because there is neither a '-' nor '+')\n ^\nStep 3: "42" ("42" is read in)\n ^\nThe parsed integer is 42.\nSince 42 is in the range [-231, 231 - 1], the final result is 42.\n\n\nExample 2:
\n\n\nInput: s = " -42"\nOutput: -42\nExplanation:\nStep 1: " -42" (leading whitespace is read and ignored)\n ^\nStep 2: " -42" ('-' is read, so the result should be negative)\n ^\nStep 3: " -42" ("42" is read in)\n ^\nThe parsed integer is -42.\nSince -42 is in the range [-231, 231 - 1], the final result is -42.\n\n\nExample 3:
\n\n\nInput: s = "4193 with words"\nOutput: 4193\nExplanation:\nStep 1: "4193 with words" (no characters read because there is no leading whitespace)\n ^\nStep 2: "4193 with words" (no characters read because there is neither a '-' nor '+')\n ^\nStep 3: "4193 with words" ("4193" is read in; reading stops because the next character is a non-digit)\n ^\nThe parsed integer is 4193.\nSince 4193 is in the range [-231, 231 - 1], the final result is 4193.\n\n\n\n
Constraints:
\n\n0 <= s.length <= 200s consists of English letters (lower-case and upper-case), digits (0-9), ' ', '+', '-', and '.'.请你来实现一个 myAtoi(string s) 函数，使其能将字符串转换成一个 32 位有符号整数（类似 C/C++ 中的 atoi 函数）。
函数 myAtoi(string s) 的算法如下：
0 。必要时更改符号（从步骤 2 开始）。[−231, 231 − 1] ，需要截断这个整数，使其保持在这个范围内。具体来说，小于 −231 的整数应该被固定为 −231 ，大于 231 − 1 的整数应该被固定为 231 − 1 。注意：
\n\n' ' 。\n\n
示例 1：
\n\n\n输入：s = \"42\"\n输出：42\n解释：加粗的字符串为已经读入的字符，插入符号是当前读取的字符。\n第 1 步：\"42\"（当前没有读入字符，因为没有前导空格）\n ^\n第 2 步：\"42\"（当前没有读入字符，因为这里不存在 '-' 或者 '+'）\n ^\n第 3 步：\"42\"（读入 \"42\"）\n ^\n解析得到整数 42 。\n由于 \"42\" 在范围 [-231, 231 - 1] 内，最终结果为 42 。\n\n
示例 2：
\n\n\n输入：s = \" -42\"\n输出：-42\n解释：\n第 1 步：\" -42\"（读入前导空格，但忽视掉）\n ^\n第 2 步：\" -42\"（读入 '-' 字符，所以结果应该是负数）\n ^\n第 3 步：\" -42\"（读入 \"42\"）\n ^\n解析得到整数 -42 。\n由于 \"-42\" 在范围 [-231, 231 - 1] 内，最终结果为 -42 。\n\n\n
示例 3：
\n\n\n输入：s = \"4193 with words\"\n输出：4193\n解释：\n第 1 步：\"4193 with words\"（当前没有读入字符，因为没有前导空格）\n ^\n第 2 步：\"4193 with words\"（当前没有读入字符，因为这里不存在 '-' 或者 '+'）\n ^\n第 3 步：\"4193 with words\"（读入 \"4193\"；由于下一个字符不是一个数字，所以读入停止）\n ^\n解析得到整数 4193 。\n由于 \"4193\" 在范围 [-231, 231 - 1] 内，最终结果为 4193 。\n\n\n
\n\n
提示：
\n\n0 <= s.length <= 200s 由英文字母（大写和小写）、数字（0-9）、' '、'+'、'-' 和 '.' 组成\\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a \\u7f16\\u8bd1\\u65f6\\uff0c\\u5c06\\u4f1a\\u91c7\\u7528 \\u4e3a\\u4e86\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u65b9\\u4fbf\\uff0c\\u5927\\u90e8\\u5206\\u6807\\u51c6\\u5e93\\u7684\\u5934\\u6587\\u4ef6\\u5df2\\u7ecf\\u88ab\\u81ea\\u52a8\\u5bfc\\u5165\\u3002<\\/p>\"],\"java\":[\"Java\",\" \\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a \\u4e3a\\u4e86\\u65b9\\u4fbf\\u8d77\\u89c1\\uff0c\\u5927\\u90e8\\u5206\\u6807\\u51c6\\u5e93\\u7684\\u5934\\u6587\\u4ef6\\u5df2\\u88ab\\u5bfc\\u5165\\u3002<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n \\u5305\\u542b Pair \\u7c7b: https:\\/\\/docs.oracle.com\\/javase\\/8\\/javafx\\/api\\/javafx\\/util\\/Pair.html <\\/p>\"],\"python\":[\"Python\",\" \\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a \\u4e3a\\u4e86\\u65b9\\u4fbf\\u8d77\\u89c1\\uff0c\\u5927\\u90e8\\u5206\\u5e38\\u7528\\u5e93\\u5df2\\u7ecf\\u88ab\\u81ea\\u52a8 \\u5bfc\\u5165\\uff0c\\u5982\\uff1aarray<\\/a>, bisect<\\/a>, collections<\\/a>\\u3002\\u5982\\u679c\\u60a8\\u9700\\u8981\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u5176\\u4ed6\\u5e93\\u51fd\\u6570\\uff0c\\u8bf7\\u81ea\\u884c\\u5bfc\\u5165\\u3002<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n \\u6ce8\\u610f Python 2.7 \\u5c06\\u57282020\\u5e74\\u540e\\u4e0d\\u518d\\u7ef4\\u62a4<\\/a>\\u3002 \\u5982\\u60f3\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u6700\\u65b0\\u7248\\u7684Python\\uff0c\\u8bf7\\u9009\\u62e9Python 3\\u3002<\\/p>\"],\"c\":[\"C\",\" \\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a \\u7f16\\u8bd1\\u65f6\\uff0c\\u5c06\\u4f1a\\u91c7\\u7528 \\u4e3a\\u4e86\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u65b9\\u4fbf\\uff0c\\u5927\\u90e8\\u5206\\u6807\\u51c6\\u5e93\\u7684\\u5934\\u6587\\u4ef6\\u5df2\\u7ecf\\u88ab\\u81ea\\u52a8\\u5bfc\\u5165\\u3002<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n \\u5982\\u60f3\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u54c8\\u5e0c\\u8868\\u8fd0\\u7b97, \\u60a8\\u53ef\\u4ee5\\u4f7f\\u7528 uthash<\\/a>\\u3002 \\\"uthash.h\\\"\\u5df2\\u7ecf\\u9ed8\\u8ba4\\u88ab\\u5bfc\\u5165\\u3002\\u8bf7\\u770b\\u5982\\u4e0b\\u793a\\u4f8b:<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n 1. \\u5f80\\u54c8\\u5e0c\\u8868\\u4e2d\\u6dfb\\u52a0\\u4e00\\u4e2a\\u5bf9\\u8c61\\uff1a<\\/b>\\r\\n 2. \\u5728\\u54c8\\u5e0c\\u8868\\u4e2d\\u67e5\\u627e\\u4e00\\u4e2a\\u5bf9\\u8c61\\uff1a<\\/b>\\r\\n 3. \\u4ece\\u54c8\\u5e0c\\u8868\\u4e2d\\u5220\\u9664\\u4e00\\u4e2a\\u5bf9\\u8c61\\uff1a<\\/b>\\r\\n C# 10<\\/a> \\u8fd0\\u884c\\u5728 .NET 6 \\u4e0a<\\/p>\"],\"javascript\":[\"JavaScript\",\" \\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a \\u60a8\\u7684\\u4ee3\\u7801\\u5728\\u6267\\u884c\\u65f6\\u5c06\\u5e26\\u4e0a lodash.js<\\/a> \\u5e93\\u5df2\\u7ecf\\u9ed8\\u8ba4\\u88ab\\u5305\\u542b\\u3002<\\/p>\\r\\n\\r\\n \\u5982\\u9700\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u961f\\u5217\\/\\u4f18\\u5148\\u961f\\u5217\\uff0c\\u60a8\\u53ef\\u4f7f\\u7528 datastructures-js\\/priority-queue@5.3.0<\\/a> \\u548c datastructures-js\\/queue@4.2.1<\\/a>\\u3002<\\/p>\"],\"ruby\":[\"Ruby\",\" \\u4f7f\\u7528 \\u4e00\\u4e9b\\u5e38\\u7528\\u7684\\u6570\\u636e\\u7ed3\\u6784\\u5df2\\u5728 Algorithms \\u6a21\\u5757\\u4e2d\\u63d0\\u4f9b\\uff1ahttps:\\/\\/www.rubydoc.info\\/github\\/kanwei\\/algorithms\\/Algorithms<\\/p>\"],\"swift\":[\"Swift\",\" \\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a \\u6211\\u4eec\\u901a\\u5e38\\u4fdd\\u8bc1\\u66f4\\u65b0\\u5230 Apple\\u653e\\u51fa\\u7684\\u6700\\u65b0\\u7248Swift<\\/a>\\u3002\\u5982\\u679c\\u60a8\\u53d1\\u73b0Swift\\u4e0d\\u662f\\u6700\\u65b0\\u7248\\u7684\\uff0c\\u8bf7\\u8054\\u7cfb\\u6211\\u4eec\\uff01\\u6211\\u4eec\\u5c06\\u5c3d\\u5feb\\u66f4\\u65b0\\u3002<\\/p>\"],\"golang\":[\"Go\",\" \\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a \\u652f\\u6301 https:\\/\\/godoc.org\\/github.com\\/emirpasic\\/gods@v1.18.1<\\/a> \\u7b2c\\u4e09\\u65b9\\u5e93\\u3002<\\/p>\"],\"python3\":[\"Python3\",\" \\u7248\\u672c\\uff1a \\u4e3a\\u4e86\\u65b9\\u4fbf\\u8d77\\u89c1\\uff0c\\u5927\\u90e8\\u5206\\u5e38\\u7528\\u5e93\\u5df2\\u7ecf\\u88ab\\u81ea\\u52a8 \\u5bfc\\u5165\\uff0c\\u5982array<\\/a>, bisect<\\/a>, collections<\\/a>\\u3002 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