{ "data": { "question": { "questionId": "828", "questionFrontendId": "810", "boundTopicId": null, "title": "Chalkboard XOR Game", "titleSlug": "chalkboard-xor-game", "content": "

You are given an array of integers nums represents the numbers written on a chalkboard.

\n\n

Alice and Bob take turns erasing exactly one number from the chalkboard, with Alice starting first. If erasing a number causes the bitwise XOR of all the elements of the chalkboard to become 0, then that player loses. The bitwise XOR of one element is that element itself, and the bitwise XOR of no elements is 0.

\n\n

Also, if any player starts their turn with the bitwise XOR of all the elements of the chalkboard equal to 0, then that player wins.

\n\n

Return true if and only if Alice wins the game, assuming both players play optimally.

\n\n

 

\n

Example 1:

\n\n
\nInput: nums = [1,1,2]\nOutput: false\nExplanation: \nAlice has two choices: erase 1 or erase 2. \nIf she erases 1, the nums array becomes [1, 2]. The bitwise XOR of all the elements of the chalkboard is 1 XOR 2 = 3. Now Bob can remove any element he wants, because Alice will be the one to erase the last element and she will lose. \nIf Alice erases 2 first, now nums become [1, 1]. The bitwise XOR of all the elements of the chalkboard is 1 XOR 1 = 0. Alice will lose.\n
\n\n

Example 2:

\n\n
\nInput: nums = [0,1]\nOutput: true\n
\n\n

Example 3:

\n\n
\nInput: nums = [1,2,3]\nOutput: true\n
\n\n

 

\n

Constraints:

\n\n\n", "translatedTitle": null, "translatedContent": null, "isPaidOnly": false, "difficulty": "Hard", "likes": 126, "dislikes": 235, "isLiked": null, "similarQuestions": "[]", "exampleTestcases": "[1,1,2]\n[0,1]\n[1,2,3]", "categoryTitle": "Algorithms", "contributors": [], "topicTags": [ { "name": "Array", "slug": "array", "translatedName": null, "__typename": "TopicTagNode" }, { "name": "Math", "slug": "math", "translatedName": null, "__typename": "TopicTagNode" }, { "name": "Bit Manipulation", "slug": "bit-manipulation", "translatedName": null, "__typename": "TopicTagNode" }, { "name": "Brainteaser", "slug": "brainteaser", "translatedName": null, "__typename": "TopicTagNode" }, { "name": "Game Theory", "slug": "game-theory", "translatedName": null, "__typename": "TopicTagNode" } ], "companyTagStats": null, "codeSnippets": [ { "lang": "C++", "langSlug": "cpp", "code": "class Solution {\npublic:\n bool xorGame(vector& nums) {\n \n }\n};", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Java", "langSlug": "java", "code": "class Solution {\n public boolean xorGame(int[] nums) {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Python", "langSlug": "python", "code": "class Solution(object):\n def xorGame(self, nums):\n \"\"\"\n :type nums: List[int]\n :rtype: bool\n \"\"\"\n ", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Python3", "langSlug": "python3", "code": "class Solution:\n def xorGame(self, nums: List[int]) -> bool:\n ", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "C", "langSlug": "c", "code": "\n\nbool xorGame(int* nums, int numsSize){\n\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "C#", "langSlug": "csharp", "code": "public class Solution {\n public bool XorGame(int[] nums) {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "JavaScript", "langSlug": "javascript", "code": "/**\n * @param {number[]} nums\n * @return {boolean}\n */\nvar xorGame = function(nums) {\n \n};", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Ruby", "langSlug": "ruby", "code": "# @param {Integer[]} nums\n# @return {Boolean}\ndef xor_game(nums)\n \nend", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Swift", "langSlug": "swift", "code": "class Solution {\n func xorGame(_ nums: [Int]) -> Bool {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Go", "langSlug": "golang", "code": "func xorGame(nums []int) bool {\n \n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Scala", "langSlug": "scala", "code": "object Solution {\n def xorGame(nums: Array[Int]): Boolean = {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Kotlin", "langSlug": "kotlin", "code": "class Solution {\n fun xorGame(nums: IntArray): Boolean {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Rust", "langSlug": "rust", "code": "impl Solution {\n pub fn xor_game(nums: Vec) -> bool {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "PHP", "langSlug": "php", "code": "class Solution {\n\n /**\n * @param Integer[] $nums\n * @return Boolean\n */\n function xorGame($nums) {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "TypeScript", "langSlug": "typescript", "code": "function xorGame(nums: number[]): boolean {\n\n};", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Racket", "langSlug": "racket", "code": "(define/contract (xor-game nums)\n (-> (listof exact-integer?) boolean?)\n\n )", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Erlang", "langSlug": "erlang", "code": "-spec xor_game(Nums :: [integer()]) -> boolean().\nxor_game(Nums) ->\n .", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Elixir", "langSlug": "elixir", "code": "defmodule Solution do\n @spec xor_game(nums :: [integer]) :: boolean\n def xor_game(nums) do\n\n end\nend", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" } ], "stats": "{\"totalAccepted\": \"6.5K\", \"totalSubmission\": \"12.1K\", \"totalAcceptedRaw\": 6474, \"totalSubmissionRaw\": 12144, \"acRate\": \"53.3%\"}", "hints": [], "solution": { "id": "443", "canSeeDetail": true, "paidOnly": false, "hasVideoSolution": false, "paidOnlyVideo": true, "__typename": "ArticleNode" }, "status": null, "sampleTestCase": "[1,1,2]", "metaData": "{\r\n \"name\": \"xorGame\",\r\n \"params\": [\r\n {\r\n \"name\": \"nums\",\r\n \"type\": \"integer[]\"\r\n }\r\n ],\r\n \"return\": {\r\n \"type\": \"boolean\"\r\n }\r\n}", "judgerAvailable": true, "judgeType": "large", "mysqlSchemas": [], "enableRunCode": true, "enableTestMode": false, "enableDebugger": true, "envInfo": "{\"cpp\": [\"C++\", \"

Compiled with clang 11 using the latest C++ 17 standard.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Your code is compiled with level two optimization (-O2). AddressSanitizer is also enabled to help detect out-of-bounds and use-after-free bugs.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.

\"], \"java\": [\"Java\", \"

OpenJDK 17 . Java 8 features such as lambda expressions and stream API can be used.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.

\\r\\n

Includes Pair class from https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javafx/api/javafx/util/Pair.html.

\"], \"python\": [\"Python\", \"

Python 2.7.12.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Most libraries are already imported automatically for your convenience, such as array, bisect, collections. If you need more libraries, you can import it yourself.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

For Map/TreeMap data structure, you may use sortedcontainers library.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Note that Python 2.7 will not be maintained past 2020. For the latest Python, please choose Python3 instead.

\"], \"c\": [\"C\", \"

Compiled with gcc 8.2 using the gnu99 standard.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Your code is compiled with level one optimization (-O1). AddressSanitizer is also enabled to help detect out-of-bounds and use-after-free bugs.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

For hash table operations, you may use uthash. \\\"uthash.h\\\" is included by default. Below are some examples:

\\r\\n\\r\\n

1. Adding an item to a hash.\\r\\n

\\r\\nstruct hash_entry {\\r\\n    int id;            /* we'll use this field as the key */\\r\\n    char name[10];\\r\\n    UT_hash_handle hh; /* makes this structure hashable */\\r\\n};\\r\\n\\r\\nstruct hash_entry *users = NULL;\\r\\n\\r\\nvoid add_user(struct hash_entry *s) {\\r\\n    HASH_ADD_INT(users, id, s);\\r\\n}\\r\\n
\\r\\n

\\r\\n\\r\\n

2. Looking up an item in a hash:\\r\\n

\\r\\nstruct hash_entry *find_user(int user_id) {\\r\\n    struct hash_entry *s;\\r\\n    HASH_FIND_INT(users, &user_id, s);\\r\\n    return s;\\r\\n}\\r\\n
\\r\\n

\\r\\n\\r\\n

3. Deleting an item in a hash:\\r\\n

\\r\\nvoid delete_user(struct hash_entry *user) {\\r\\n    HASH_DEL(users, user);  \\r\\n}\\r\\n
\\r\\n

\"], \"csharp\": [\"C#\", \"

C# 10 with .NET 6 runtime

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Your code is compiled with debug flag enabled (/debug).

\"], \"javascript\": [\"JavaScript\", \"

Node.js 16.13.2.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Your code is run with --harmony flag, enabling new ES6 features.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

lodash.js library is included by default.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

For Priority Queue / Queue data structures, you may use datastructures-js/priority-queue and datastructures-js/queue.

\"], \"ruby\": [\"Ruby\", \"

Ruby 3.1

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Some common data structure implementations are provided in the Algorithms module: https://www.rubydoc.info/github/kanwei/algorithms/Algorithms

\"], \"swift\": [\"Swift\", \"

Swift 5.5.2.

\"], \"golang\": [\"Go\", \"

Go 1.17.6.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Support https://godoc.org/github.com/emirpasic/gods library.

\"], \"python3\": [\"Python3\", \"

Python 3.10.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Most libraries are already imported automatically for your convenience, such as array, bisect, collections. If you need more libraries, you can import it yourself.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

For Map/TreeMap data structure, you may use sortedcontainers library.

\"], \"scala\": [\"Scala\", \"

Scala 2.13.7.

\"], \"kotlin\": [\"Kotlin\", \"

Kotlin 1.3.10.

\"], \"rust\": [\"Rust\", \"

Rust 1.58.1

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Supports rand v0.6\\u00a0from crates.io

\"], \"php\": [\"PHP\", \"

PHP 8.1.

\\r\\n

With bcmath module

\"], \"typescript\": [\"Typescript\", \"

TypeScript 4.5.4, Node.js 16.13.2.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

Your code is run with --harmony flag, enabling new ES2020 features.

\\r\\n\\r\\n

lodash.js library is included by default.

\"], \"racket\": [\"Racket\", \"

Run with Racket 8.3.

\"], \"erlang\": [\"Erlang\", \"Erlang/OTP 24.2\"], \"elixir\": [\"Elixir\", \"Elixir 1.13.0 with Erlang/OTP 24.2\"]}", "libraryUrl": null, "adminUrl": null, "challengeQuestion": null, "__typename": "QuestionNode" } } }