{ "data": { "question": { "questionId": "609", "questionFrontendId": "609", "boundTopicId": null, "title": "Find Duplicate File in System", "titleSlug": "find-duplicate-file-in-system", "content": "<p>Given a list <code>paths</code> of directory info, including the directory path, and all the files with contents in this directory, return <em>all the duplicate files in the file system in terms of their paths</em>. You may return the answer in <strong>any order</strong>.</p>\n\n<p>A group of duplicate files consists of at least two files that have the same content.</p>\n\n<p>A single directory info string in the input list has the following format:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>"root/d1/d2/.../dm f1.txt(f1_content) f2.txt(f2_content) ... fn.txt(fn_content)"</code></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>It means there are <code>n</code> files <code>(f1.txt, f2.txt ... fn.txt)</code> with content <code>(f1_content, f2_content ... fn_content)</code> respectively in the directory "<code>root/d1/d2/.../dm"</code>. Note that <code>n >= 1</code> and <code>m >= 0</code>. If <code>m = 0</code>, it means the directory is just the root directory.</p>\n\n<p>The output is a list of groups of duplicate file paths. For each group, it contains all the file paths of the files that have the same content. A file path is a string that has the following format:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>"directory_path/file_name.txt"</code></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>\n<pre><strong>Input:</strong> paths = [\"root/a 1.txt(abcd) 2.txt(efgh)\",\"root/c 3.txt(abcd)\",\"root/c/d 4.txt(efgh)\",\"root 4.txt(efgh)\"]\n<strong>Output:</strong> [[\"root/a/2.txt\",\"root/c/d/4.txt\",\"root/4.txt\"],[\"root/a/1.txt\",\"root/c/3.txt\"]]\n</pre><p><strong>Example 2:</strong></p>\n<pre><strong>Input:</strong> paths = [\"root/a 1.txt(abcd) 2.txt(efgh)\",\"root/c 3.txt(abcd)\",\"root/c/d 4.txt(efgh)\"]\n<strong>Output:</strong> [[\"root/a/2.txt\",\"root/c/d/4.txt\"],[\"root/a/1.txt\",\"root/c/3.txt\"]]\n</pre>\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>1 <= paths.length <= 2 * 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>1 <= paths[i].length <= 3000</code></li>\n\t<li><code>1 <= sum(paths[i].length) <= 5 * 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>\n\t<li><code>paths[i]</code> consist of English letters, digits, <code>'/'</code>, <code>'.'</code>, <code>'('</code>, <code>')'</code>, and <code>' '</code>.</li>\n\t<li>You may assume no files or directories share the same name in the same directory.</li>\n\t<li>You may assume each given directory info represents a unique directory. A single blank space separates the directory path and file info.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong>Follow up:</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>Imagine you are given a real file system, how will you search files? DFS or BFS?</li>\n\t<li>If the file content is very large (GB level), how will you modify your solution?</li>\n\t<li>If you can only read the file by 1kb each time, how will you modify your solution?</li>\n\t<li>What is the time complexity of your modified solution? What is the most time-consuming part and memory-consuming part of it? How to optimize?</li>\n\t<li>How to make sure the duplicated files you find are not false positive?</li>\n</ul>\n", "translatedTitle": null, "translatedContent": null, "isPaidOnly": false, "difficulty": "Medium", "likes": 804, "dislikes": 912, "isLiked": null, "similarQuestions": "[{\"title\": \"Delete Duplicate Folders in System\", \"titleSlug\": \"delete-duplicate-folders-in-system\", \"difficulty\": \"Hard\", \"translatedTitle\": null}]", "exampleTestcases": "[\"root/a 1.txt(abcd) 2.txt(efgh)\",\"root/c 3.txt(abcd)\",\"root/c/d 4.txt(efgh)\",\"root 4.txt(efgh)\"]\n[\"root/a 1.txt(abcd) 2.txt(efgh)\",\"root/c 3.txt(abcd)\",\"root/c/d 4.txt(efgh)\"]", "categoryTitle": "Algorithms", "contributors": [], "topicTags": [ { "name": "Array", "slug": "array", "translatedName": null, "__typename": "TopicTagNode" }, { "name": "Hash Table", "slug": "hash-table", "translatedName": null, "__typename": "TopicTagNode" }, { "name": "String", "slug": "string", "translatedName": null, "__typename": "TopicTagNode" } ], "companyTagStats": null, "codeSnippets": [ { "lang": "C++", "langSlug": "cpp", "code": "class Solution {\npublic:\n vector<vector<string>> findDuplicate(vector<string>& paths) {\n \n }\n};", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Java", "langSlug": "java", "code": "class Solution {\n public List<List<String>> findDuplicate(String[] paths) {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Python", "langSlug": "python", "code": "class Solution(object):\n def findDuplicate(self, paths):\n \"\"\"\n :type paths: List[str]\n :rtype: List[List[str]]\n \"\"\"\n ", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Python3", "langSlug": "python3", "code": "class Solution:\n def findDuplicate(self, paths: List[str]) -> List[List[str]]:\n ", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "C", "langSlug": "c", "code": "\n\n/**\n * Return an array of arrays of size *returnSize.\n * The sizes of the arrays are returned as *returnColumnSizes array.\n * Note: Both returned array and *columnSizes array must be malloced, assume caller calls free().\n */\nchar *** findDuplicate(char ** paths, int pathsSize, int* returnSize, int** returnColumnSizes){\n\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "C#", "langSlug": "csharp", "code": "public class Solution {\n public IList<IList<string>> FindDuplicate(string[] paths) {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "JavaScript", "langSlug": "javascript", "code": "/**\n * @param {string[]} paths\n * @return {string[][]}\n */\nvar findDuplicate = function(paths) {\n \n};", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Ruby", "langSlug": "ruby", "code": "# @param {String[]} paths\n# @return {String[][]}\ndef find_duplicate(paths)\n \nend", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Swift", "langSlug": "swift", "code": "class Solution {\n func findDuplicate(_ paths: [String]) -> [[String]] {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Go", "langSlug": "golang", "code": "func findDuplicate(paths []string) [][]string {\n \n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Scala", "langSlug": "scala", "code": "object Solution {\n def findDuplicate(paths: Array[String]): List[List[String]] = {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Kotlin", "langSlug": "kotlin", "code": "class Solution {\n fun findDuplicate(paths: Array<String>): List<List<String>> {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Rust", "langSlug": "rust", "code": "impl Solution {\n pub fn find_duplicate(paths: Vec<String>) -> Vec<Vec<String>> {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "PHP", "langSlug": "php", "code": "class Solution {\n\n /**\n * @param String[] $paths\n * @return String[][]\n */\n function findDuplicate($paths) {\n \n }\n}", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "TypeScript", "langSlug": "typescript", "code": "function findDuplicate(paths: string[]): string[][] {\n\n};", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Racket", "langSlug": "racket", "code": "(define/contract (find-duplicate paths)\n (-> (listof string?) (listof (listof string?)))\n\n )", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Erlang", "langSlug": "erlang", "code": "-spec find_duplicate(Paths :: [unicode:unicode_binary()]) -> [[unicode:unicode_binary()]].\nfind_duplicate(Paths) ->\n .", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" }, { "lang": "Elixir", "langSlug": "elixir", "code": "defmodule Solution do\n @spec find_duplicate(paths :: [String.t]) :: [[String.t]]\n def find_duplicate(paths) do\n\n end\nend", "__typename": "CodeSnippetNode" } ], "stats": "{\"totalAccepted\": \"94.3K\", \"totalSubmission\": \"147.9K\", \"totalAcceptedRaw\": 94254, \"totalSubmissionRaw\": 147897, \"acRate\": \"63.7%\"}", "hints": [], "solution": { "id": "151", "canSeeDetail": true, "paidOnly": false, "hasVideoSolution": false, "paidOnlyVideo": true, "__typename": "ArticleNode" }, "status": null, "sampleTestCase": "[\"root/a 1.txt(abcd) 2.txt(efgh)\",\"root/c 3.txt(abcd)\",\"root/c/d 4.txt(efgh)\",\"root 4.txt(efgh)\"]", "metaData": "{\r\n \"name\": \"findDuplicate\",\r\n \"params\": [\r\n {\r\n \"name\": \"paths\",\r\n \"type\": \"string[]\"\r\n }\r\n ],\r\n \"return\": {\r\n \"type\": \"list<list<string>>\"\r\n }\r\n}\r\n", "judgerAvailable": true, "judgeType": "large", "mysqlSchemas": [], "enableRunCode": true, "enableTestMode": false, "enableDebugger": true, "envInfo": "{\"cpp\": [\"C++\", \"<p>Compiled with <code> clang 11 </code> using the latest C++ 17 standard.</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>Your code is compiled with level two optimization (<code>-O2</code>). <a href=\\\"https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">AddressSanitizer</a> is also enabled to help detect out-of-bounds and use-after-free bugs.</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>\"], \"java\": [\"Java\", \"<p><code> OpenJDK 17 </code>. Java 8 features such as lambda expressions and stream API can be used. </p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>\\r\\n<p>Includes <code>Pair</code> class from https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javafx/api/javafx/util/Pair.html.</p>\"], \"python\": [\"Python\", \"<p><code>Python 2.7.12</code>.</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>Most libraries are already imported automatically for your convenience, such as <a href=\\\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/array.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">array</a>, <a href=\\\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/bisect.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">bisect</a>, <a href=\\\"https://docs.python.org/2/library/collections.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">collections</a>. If you need more libraries, you can import it yourself.</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>For Map/TreeMap data structure, you may use <a href=\\\"http://www.grantjenks.com/docs/sortedcontainers/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">sortedcontainers</a> library.</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>Note that Python 2.7 <a href=\\\"https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0373/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">will not be maintained past 2020</a>. For the latest Python, please choose Python3 instead.</p>\"], \"c\": [\"C\", \"<p>Compiled with <code>gcc 8.2</code> using the gnu99 standard.</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>Your code is compiled with level one optimization (<code>-O1</code>). <a href=\\\"https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">AddressSanitizer</a> is also enabled to help detect out-of-bounds and use-after-free bugs.</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>Most standard library headers are already included automatically for your convenience.</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>For hash table operations, you may use <a href=\\\"https://troydhanson.github.io/uthash/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">uthash</a>. \\\"uthash.h\\\" is included by default. Below are some examples:</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p><b>1. Adding an item to a hash.</b>\\r\\n<pre>\\r\\nstruct hash_entry {\\r\\n int id; /* we'll use this field as the key */\\r\\n char name[10];\\r\\n UT_hash_handle hh; /* makes this structure hashable */\\r\\n};\\r\\n\\r\\nstruct hash_entry *users = NULL;\\r\\n\\r\\nvoid add_user(struct hash_entry *s) {\\r\\n HASH_ADD_INT(users, id, s);\\r\\n}\\r\\n</pre>\\r\\n</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p><b>2. Looking up an item in a hash:</b>\\r\\n<pre>\\r\\nstruct hash_entry *find_user(int user_id) {\\r\\n struct hash_entry *s;\\r\\n HASH_FIND_INT(users, &user_id, s);\\r\\n return s;\\r\\n}\\r\\n</pre>\\r\\n</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p><b>3. 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If you need more libraries, you can import it yourself.</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>For Map/TreeMap data structure, you may use <a href=\\\"http://www.grantjenks.com/docs/sortedcontainers/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">sortedcontainers</a> library.</p>\"], \"scala\": [\"Scala\", \"<p><code>Scala 2.13.7</code>.</p>\"], \"kotlin\": [\"Kotlin\", \"<p><code>Kotlin 1.3.10</code>.</p>\"], \"rust\": [\"Rust\", \"<p><code>Rust 1.58.1</code></p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>Supports <a href=\\\"https://crates.io/crates/rand\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">rand </a> v0.6\\u00a0from crates.io</p>\"], \"php\": [\"PHP\", \"<p><code>PHP 8.1</code>.</p>\\r\\n<p>With bcmath module</p>\"], \"typescript\": [\"Typescript\", \"<p><code>TypeScript 4.5.4, Node.js 16.13.2</code>.</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p>Your code is run with <code>--harmony</code> flag, enabling <a href=\\\"http://node.green/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">new ES2020 features</a>.</p>\\r\\n\\r\\n<p><a href=\\\"https://lodash.com\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">lodash.js</a> library is included by default.</p>\"], \"racket\": [\"Racket\", \"<p>Run with <code>Racket 8.3</code>.</p>\"], \"erlang\": [\"Erlang\", \"Erlang/OTP 24.2\"], \"elixir\": [\"Elixir\", \"Elixir 1.13.0 with Erlang/OTP 24.2\"]}", "libraryUrl": null, "adminUrl": null, "challengeQuestion": null, "__typename": "QuestionNode" } } }