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程序员小墨
29fc260318 update 2023-10-05 03:40:53 +08:00
程序员小墨
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2
README.md
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# 力扣题库（完整版）
> 最后更新日期： **2023.09.24**
> 最后更新日期： **2023.10.05**
>
> 使用脚本前请务必仔细完整阅读本 `README.md` 文件

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leetcode-cn/origin-data.json
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leetcode-cn/originData/[no content]calculate-orders-within-each-interval.json Normal file
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{
"data": {
"question": {
"questionId": "3160",
"questionFrontendId": "2893",
"categoryTitle": "Database",
"boundTopicId": 2468419,
"title": "Calculate Orders Within Each Interval",
"titleSlug": "calculate-orders-within-each-interval",
"content": null,
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"sampleTestCase": "{\"headers\": {\"Orders\": [\"minute\", \"order_count\"]}, \"rows\": {\"Orders\":[[1,0],[2,2],[3,4],[4,6],[5,1],[6,4],[7,1],[8,2],[9,4],[10,1],[11,4],[12,6]]}}",
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"insert into Orders (minute, order_count) values ('3', '4')",
"insert into Orders (minute, order_count) values ('4', '6')",
"insert into Orders (minute, order_count) values ('5', '1')",
"insert into Orders (minute, order_count) values ('6', '4')",
"insert into Orders (minute, order_count) values ('7', '1')",
"insert into Orders (minute, order_count) values ('8', '2')",
"insert into Orders (minute, order_count) values ('9', '4')",
"insert into Orders (minute, order_count) values ('10', '1')",
"insert into Orders (minute, order_count) values ('11', '4')",
"insert into Orders (minute, order_count) values ('12', '6')"
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leetcode-cn/originData/[no content]the-wording-game.json Normal file
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leetcode-cn/originData/change-data-type.json Normal file
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{
"data": {
"question": {
"questionId": "3069",
"questionFrontendId": "2886",
"categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
"boundTopicId": 2467490,
"title": "Change Data Type",
"titleSlug": "change-data-type",
"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame <code>students</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| student_id | int |\n| name | object |\n| age | int |\n| grade | float |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>Write a solution to correct the errors:</p>\n\n<p>The <code>grade</code> column is stored as floats,&nbsp;convert it to integers.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<pre>\n<strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong>\n<strong>Input:\n</strong>DataFrame students:\n+------------+------+-----+-------+\n| student_id | name | age | grade |\n+------------+------+-----+-------+\n| 1 | Ava | 6 | 73.0 |\n| 2 | Kate | 15 | 87.0 |\n+------------+------+-----+-------+\n<strong>Output:\n</strong>+------------+------+-----+-------+\n| student_id | name | age | grade |\n+------------+------+-----+-------+\n| 1 | Ava | 6 | 73 |\n| 2 | Kate | 15 | 87 |\n+------------+------+-----+-------+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong> \nThe data types of the column grade is converted to int.</pre>\n",
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"difficulty": "Easy",
"likes": 0,
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leetcode-cn/originData/count-visited-nodes-in-a-directed-graph.json Normal file
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leetcode-cn/originData/create-a-dataframe-from-list.json Normal file
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{
"data": {
"question": {
"questionId": "3062",
"questionFrontendId": "2877",
"categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
"boundTopicId": 2467481,
"title": "Create a DataFrame from List",
"titleSlug": "create-a-dataframe-from-list",
"content": "<p>Write a solution to <strong>create</strong> a DataFrame from a 2D list called <code>student_data</code>. This 2D list contains the IDs and ages of some students.</p>\n\n<p>The DataFrame should have two columns, <code>student_id</code> and <code>age</code>, and be in the same order as the original 2D list.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:\n</strong>student_data:<strong>\n</strong><code>[\n [1, 15],\n [2, 11],\n [3, 11],\n [4, 20]\n]</code>\n<strong>Output:</strong>\n+------------+-----+\n| student_id | age |\n+------------+-----+\n| 1 | 15 |\n| 2 | 11 |\n| 3 | 11 |\n| 4 | 20 |\n+------------+-----+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong>\nA DataFrame was created on top of student_data, with two columns named <code>student_id</code> and <code>age</code>.\n</pre>\n",
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55
leetcode-cn/originData/create-a-new-column.json Normal file
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{
"data": {
"question": {
"questionId": "3066",
"questionFrontendId": "100007",
"categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
"boundTopicId": 2394353,
"title": "Create a New Column",
"titleSlug": "create-a-new-column",
"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame <code>employees</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type. |\n+-------------+--------+\n| name | object |\n| salary | int. |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>A&nbsp;company plans to provide its employees with a bonus.</p>\n\n<p>Write a solution to create a new column name <code>bonus</code> that contains the <strong>doubled values</strong> of the <code>salary</code> column.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:</strong>\nDataFrame employees\n+---------+--------+\n| name | salary |\n+---------+--------+\n| Piper | 4548 |\n| Grace | 28150 |\n| Georgia | 1103 |\n| Willow | 6593 |\n| Finn | 74576 |\n| Thomas | 24433 |\n+---------+--------+\n<strong>Output:</strong>\n+---------+--------+--------+\n| name | salary | bonus |\n+---------+--------+--------+\n| Piper | 4548 | 9096 |\n| Grace | 28150 | 56300 |\n| Georgia | 1103 | 2206 |\n| Willow | 593 | 13186 |\n| Finn | 74576 | 149152 |\n| Thomas | 24433 | 48866 |\n+---------+--------+--------+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong> \nA new column bonus is created by doubling the value in the column salary.</pre>\n",
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55
leetcode-cn/originData/display-the-first-three-rows.json Normal file
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{
"data": {
"question": {
"questionId": "3065",
"questionFrontendId": "2879",
"categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
"boundTopicId": 2467489,
"title": "Display the First Three Rows",
"titleSlug": "display-the-first-three-rows",
"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame: <code>employees</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| employee_id | int |\n| name | object |\n| department | object |\n| salary | int |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>Write a solution to display the <strong>first <code>3</code> </strong>rows<strong> </strong>of this DataFrame.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:\n</strong>DataFrame employees\n+-------------+-----------+-----------------------+--------+\n| employee_id | name | department | salary |\n+-------------+-----------+-----------------------+--------+\n| 3 | Bob | Operations | 48675 |\n| 90 | Alice | Sales | 11096 |\n| 9 | Tatiana | Engineering | 33805 |\n| 60 | Annabelle | InformationTechnology | 37678 |\n| 49 | Jonathan | HumanResources | 23793 |\n| 43 | Khaled | Administration | 40454 |\n+-------------+-----------+-----------------------+--------+\n<strong>Output:</strong>\n+-------------+---------+-------------+--------+\n| employee_id | name | department | salary |\n+-------------+---------+-------------+--------+\n| 3 | Bob | Operations | 48675 |\n| 90 | Alice | Sales | 11096 |\n| 9 | Tatiana | Engineering | 33805 |\n+-------------+---------+-------------+--------+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong> \nOnly the first 3 rows are displayed.</pre>\n",
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55
leetcode-cn/originData/drop-duplicate-rows.json Normal file
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{
"data": {
"question": {
"questionId": "3071",
"questionFrontendId": "100012",
"categoryTitle": "Algorithms",
"boundTopicId": 2467488,
"title": "Drop Duplicate Rows",
"titleSlug": "drop-duplicate-rows",
"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame customers\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| customer_id | int |\n| name | object |\n| email | object |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>There are some duplicate rows in the DataFrame based on the <code>email</code> column.</p>\n\n<p>Write a solution to remove these duplicate rows and keep only the <strong>first</strong> occurrence.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<pre>\n<strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong>\n<strong>Input:</strong>\n+-------------+---------+---------------------+\n| customer_id | name | email |\n+-------------+---------+---------------------+\n| 1 | Ella | emily@example.com |\n| 2 | David | michael@example.com |\n| 3 | Zachary | sarah@example.com |\n| 4 | Alice | john@example.com |\n| 5 | Finn | john@example.com |\n| 6 | Violet | alice@example.com |\n+-------------+---------+---------------------+\n<strong>Output: </strong> \n+-------------+---------+---------------------+\n| customer_id | name | email |\n+-------------+---------+---------------------+\n| 1 | Ella | emily@example.com |\n| 2 | David | michael@example.com |\n| 3 | Zachary | sarah@example.com |\n| 4 | Alice | john@example.com |\n| 6 | Violet | alice@example.com |\n+-------------+---------+---------------------+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong>\nAlic (customer_id = 4) and Finn (customer_id = 5) both use john@example.com, so only the first occurrence of this email is retained.\n</pre>\n",
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leetcode-cn/originData/drop-missing-data.json Normal file
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55
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55
leetcode-cn/originData/get-the-size-of-a-dataframe.json Normal file
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leetcode-cn/originData/method-chaining.json Normal file
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"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame <code>animals</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| name | object |\n| species | object |\n| age | int |\n| weight | int |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>Write a solution to list the names of animals that weigh <strong>strictly more than</strong> <code>100</code> kilograms.</p>\n\n<p>Return the&nbsp;animals sorted by weight in <strong>descending order</strong>.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:</strong> \nDataFrame animals:\n+----------+---------+-----+--------+\n| name | species | age | weight |\n+----------+---------+-----+--------+\n| Tatiana | Snake | 98 | 464 |\n| Khaled | Giraffe | 50 | 41 |\n| Alex | Leopard | 6 | 328 |\n| Jonathan | Monkey | 45 | 463 |\n| Stefan | Bear | 100 | 50 |\n| Tommy | Panda | 26 | 349 |\n+----------+---------+-----+--------+\n<strong>Output:</strong> \n+----------+\n| name |\n+----------+\n| Tatiana |\n| Jonathan |\n| Tommy |\n| Alex |\n+----------+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong> \nAll animals weighing more than 100 should be included in the results table.\nTatiana&#39;s weight is 464, Jonathan&#39;s weight is 463, Tommy&#39;s weight is 349, and Alex&#39;s weight is 328.\nThe results should be sorted in descending order of weight.</pre>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>In Pandas, <strong>method chaining</strong> enables us to&nbsp;perform operations on a DataFrame without breaking up each operation into a separate line or creating multiple temporary variables.&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p>Can you complete this&nbsp;task in just <strong>one line </strong>of code using method chaining?</p>\n",
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leetcode-cn/originData/minimum-number-of-operations-to-make-array-empty.json Normal file
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leetcode-cn/originData/modify-columns.json Normal file
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55
leetcode-cn/originData/rename-columns.json Normal file
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"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame <code>students</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| id | int |\n| first | object |\n| last | object |\n| age | int |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>Write a solution to rename the columns as follows:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>id</code> to <code>student_id</code></li>\n\t<li><code>first</code> to <code>first_name</code></li>\n\t<li><code>last</code> to <code>last_name</code></li>\n\t<li><code>age</code> to <code>age_in_years</code></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<pre>\n<strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong>\n<strong>Input:\n</strong>+----+---------+----------+-----+\n| id | first | last | age |\n+----+---------+----------+-----+\n| 1 | Mason | King | 6 |\n| 2 | Ava | Wright | 7 |\n| 3 | Taylor | Hall | 16 |\n| 4 | Georgia | Thompson | 18 |\n| 5 | Thomas | Moore | 10 |\n+----+---------+----------+-----+\n<strong>Output:</strong>\n+------------+------------+-----------+--------------+\n| student_id | first_name | last_name | age_in_years |\n+------------+------------+-----------+--------------+\n| 1 | Mason | King | 6 |\n| 2 | Ava | Wright | 7 |\n| 3 | Taylor | Hall | 16 |\n| 4 | Georgia | Thompson | 18 |\n| 5 | Thomas | Moore | 10 |\n+------------+------------+-----------+--------------+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong> \nThe column names are changed accordingly.</pre>\n",
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55
leetcode-cn/originData/reshape-data-concatenate.json Normal file
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"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame <code>df1</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| student_id | int |\n| name | object |\n| age | int |\n+-------------+--------+\n\nDataFrame <code>df2</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| student_id | int |\n| name | object |\n| age | int |\n+-------------+--------+\n\n</pre>\n\n<p>Write a solution to concatenate these two DataFrames <strong>vertically</strong> into one DataFrame.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:\ndf1</strong>\n+------------+---------+-----+\n| student_id | name | age |\n+------------+---------+-----+\n| 1 | Mason | 8 |\n| 2 | Ava | 6 |\n| 3 | Taylor | 15 |\n| 4 | Georgia | 17 |\n+------------+---------+-----+\n<strong>df2\n</strong>+------------+------+-----+\n| student_id | name | age |\n+------------+------+-----+\n| 5 | Leo | 7 |\n| 6 | Alex | 7 |\n+------------+------+-----+\n<strong>Output:</strong>\n+------------+---------+-----+\n| student_id | name | age |\n+------------+---------+-----+\n| 1 | Mason | 8 |\n| 2 | Ava | 6 |\n| 3 | Taylor | 15 |\n| 4 | Georgia | 17 |\n| 5 | Leo | 7 |\n| 6 | Alex | 7 |\n+------------+---------+-----+\n<strong>Explanation:\n</strong>The two DataFramess are stacked vertically, and their rows are combined.</pre>\n",
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55
leetcode-cn/originData/reshape-data-melt.json Normal file
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55
leetcode-cn/originData/reshape-data-pivot.json Normal file
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55
leetcode-cn/originData/select-data.json Normal file
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leetcode-cn/originData/split-array-into-maximum-number-of-subarrays.json Normal file
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42
leetcode-cn/problem (Chinese)/使数组为空的最少操作次数 [minimum-number-of-operations-to-make-array-empty].html Normal file
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<p>给你一个下标从 <strong>0</strong>&nbsp;开始的正整数数组&nbsp;<code>nums</code>&nbsp;。</p>
<p>你可以对数组执行以下两种操作 <strong>任意次</strong>&nbsp;：</p>
<ul>
<li>从数组中选择 <strong>两个</strong>&nbsp;值 <strong>相等</strong>&nbsp;的元素，并将它们从数组中 <strong>删除</strong>&nbsp;。</li>
<li>从数组中选择 <strong>三个</strong>&nbsp;值 <strong>相等</strong>&nbsp;的元素，并将它们从数组中 <strong>删除</strong>&nbsp;。</li>
</ul>
<p>请你返回使数组为空的 <strong>最少</strong>&nbsp;操作次数，如果无法达成，请返回 <code>-1</code>&nbsp;。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">示例 1：</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>输入：</strong>nums = [2,3,3,2,2,4,2,3,4]
<b>输出：</b>4
<b>解释：</b>我们可以执行以下操作使数组为空：
- 对下标为 0 和 3 的元素执行第一种操作，得到 nums = [3,3,2,4,2,3,4] 。
- 对下标为 2 和 4 的元素执行第一种操作，得到 nums = [3,3,4,3,4] 。
- 对下标为 0 ，1 和 3 的元素执行第二种操作，得到 nums = [4,4] 。
- 对下标为 0 和 1 的元素执行第一种操作，得到 nums = [] 。
至少需要 4 步操作使数组为空。
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">示例 2：</strong></p>
<pre>
<b>输入：</b>nums = [2,1,2,2,3,3]
<b>输出：</b>-1
<b>解释：</b>无法使数组为空。
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>2 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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leetcode-cn/problem (Chinese)/可以被 K 整除连通块的最大数目 [maximum-number-of-k-divisible-components].html Normal file
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<p>给你一棵 <code>n</code>&nbsp;个节点的无向树，节点编号为&nbsp;<code>0</code>&nbsp;到&nbsp;<code>n - 1</code>&nbsp;。给你整数&nbsp;<code>n</code>&nbsp;和一个长度为 <code>n - 1</code>&nbsp;的二维整数数组&nbsp;<code>edges</code>&nbsp;，其中&nbsp;<code>edges[i] = [a<sub>i</sub>, b<sub>i</sub>]</code>&nbsp;表示树中节点&nbsp;<code>a<sub>i</sub></code> 和&nbsp;<code>b<sub>i</sub></code>&nbsp;有一条边。</p>
<p>同时给你一个下标从 <strong>0</strong>&nbsp;开始长度为 <code>n</code>&nbsp;的整数数组&nbsp;<code>values</code>&nbsp;，其中&nbsp;<code>values[i]</code>&nbsp;是第 <code>i</code>&nbsp;个节点的 <strong>值</strong>&nbsp;。再给你一个整数&nbsp;<code>k</code>&nbsp;。</p>
<p>你可以从树中删除一些边，也可以一条边也不删，得到若干连通块。一个 <strong>连通块的值</strong> 定义为连通块中所有节点值之和。如果所有连通块的值都可以被 <code>k</code>&nbsp;整除，那么我们说这是一个 <strong>合法分割</strong>&nbsp;。</p>
<p>请你返回所有合法分割中，<b>连通块数目的最大值</b>&nbsp;。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">示例 1：</strong></p>
<p><img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2023/08/07/example12-cropped2svg.jpg" style="width: 1024px; height: 453px;" /></p>
<pre>
<b>输入：</b>n = 5, edges = [[0,2],[1,2],[1,3],[2,4]], values = [1,8,1,4,4], k = 6
<b>输出：</b>2
<b>解释：</b>我们删除节点 1 和 2 之间的边。这是一个合法分割，因为：
- 节点 1 和 3 所在连通块的值为 values[1] + values[3] = 12 。
- 节点 0 ，2 和 4 所在连通块的值为 values[0] + values[2] + values[4] = 6 。
最多可以得到 2 个连通块的合法分割。</pre>
<p><strong class="example">示例 2：</strong></p>
<p><img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2023/08/07/example21svg-1.jpg" style="width: 999px; height: 338px;" /></p>
<pre>
<b>输入：</b>n = 7, edges = [[0,1],[0,2],[1,3],[1,4],[2,5],[2,6]], values = [3,0,6,1,5,2,1], k = 3
<b>输出：</b>3
<b>解释：</b>我们删除节点 0 和 2 ，以及节点 0 和 1 之间的边。这是一个合法分割，因为：
- 节点 0 的连通块的值为 values[0] = 3 。
- 节点 2 ，5 和 6 所在连通块的值为 values[2] + values[5] + values[6] = 9 。
- 节点 1 ，3 和 4 的连通块的值为 values[1] + values[3] + values[4] = 6 。
最多可以得到 3 个连通块的合法分割。
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 3 * 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>
<li><code>edges.length == n - 1</code></li>
<li><code>edges[i].length == 2</code></li>
<li><code>0 &lt;= a<sub>i</sub>, b<sub>i</sub> &lt; n</code></li>
<li><code>values.length == n</code></li>
<li><code>0 &lt;= values[i] &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
<li><code>values</code>&nbsp;之和可以被 <code>k</code>&nbsp;整除。</li>
<li>输入保证&nbsp;<code>edges</code>&nbsp;是一棵无向树。</li>
</ul>

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leetcode-cn/problem (Chinese)/将数组分割成最多数目的子数组 [split-array-into-maximum-number-of-subarrays].html Normal file
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<p>给你一个只包含 <strong>非负</strong>&nbsp;整数的数组&nbsp;<code>nums</code>&nbsp;。</p>
<p>我们定义满足 <code>l &lt;= r</code>&nbsp;的子数组&nbsp;<code>nums[l..r]</code>&nbsp;的分数为&nbsp;<code>nums[l] AND nums[l + 1] AND ... AND nums[r]</code>&nbsp;，其中&nbsp;<strong>AND</strong>&nbsp;是按位与运算。</p>
<p>请你将数组分割成一个或者更多子数组，满足：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>每个</strong> 元素都&nbsp;<strong>只</strong>&nbsp;属于一个子数组。</li>
<li>子数组分数之和尽可能<strong>&nbsp;小</strong>&nbsp;。</li>
</ul>
<p>请你在满足以上要求的条件下，返回<strong>&nbsp;最多</strong>&nbsp;可以得到多少个子数组。</p>
<p>一个 <strong>子数组</strong>&nbsp;是一个数组中一段连续的元素。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">示例 1：</strong></p>
<pre>
<b>输入：</b>nums = [1,0,2,0,1,2]
<b>输出：</b>3
<strong>解释：</strong>我们可以将数组分割成以下子数组：
- [1,0] 。子数组分数为 1 AND 0 = 0 。
- [2,0] 。子数组分数为 2 AND 0 = 0 。
- [1,2] 。子数组分数为 1 AND 2 = 0 。
分数之和为 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 ，是我们可以得到的最小分数之和。
在分数之和为 0 的前提下，最多可以将数组分割成 3 个子数组。所以返回 3 。
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">示例 2：</strong></p>
<pre>
<b>输入：</b>nums = [5,7,1,3]
<b>输出：</b>1
<b>解释：</b>我们可以将数组分割成一个子数组：[5,7,1,3] ，分数为 1 ，这是可以得到的最小总分数。
在总分数为 1 的前提下，最多可以将数组分割成 1 个子数组。所以返回 1 。
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>0 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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leetcode-cn/problem (Chinese)/收集元素的最少操作次数 [minimum-operations-to-collect-elements].html Normal file
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<p>给你一个正整数数组&nbsp;<code>nums</code>&nbsp;和一个整数&nbsp;<code>k</code>&nbsp;。</p>
<p>一次操作中，你可以将数组的最后一个元素删除，将该元素添加到一个集合中。</p>
<p>请你返回收集元素&nbsp;<code>1, 2, ..., k</code>&nbsp;需要的&nbsp;<strong>最少操作次数</strong>&nbsp;。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">示例 1：</strong></p>
<pre>
<b>输入：</b>nums = [3,1,5,4,2], k = 2
<b>输出：</b>4
<b>解释：</b>4 次操作后，集合中的元素依次添加了 2 ，4 ，5 和 1 。此时集合中包含元素 1 和 2 ，所以答案为 4 。
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">示例 2：</strong></p>
<pre>
<b>输入：</b>nums = [3,1,5,4,2], k = 5
<b>输出：</b>5
<b>解释：</b>5 次操作后，集合中的元素依次添加了 2 ，4 ，5 ，1 和 3 。此时集合中包含元素 1 到 5 ，所以答案为 5 。
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">示例 3：</strong></p>
<pre>
<b>输入：</b>nums = [3,2,5,3,1], k = 3
<b>输出：</b>4
<b>解释：</b>4 次操作后，集合中的元素依次添加了 1 ，3 ，5 和 2 。此时集合中包含元素 1 到 3 ，所以答案为 4 。
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 50</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= nums.length</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= nums.length</code></li>
<li>输入保证你可以收集到元素&nbsp;<code>1, 2, ..., k</code> 。</li>
</ul>

45
leetcode-cn/problem (Chinese)/无限数组的最短子数组 [minimum-size-subarray-in-infinite-array].html Normal file
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<p>给你一个下标从 <strong>0</strong> 开始的数组 <code>nums</code> 和一个整数 <code>target</code> 。</p>
<p>下标从 <strong>0</strong> 开始的数组 <code>infinite_nums</code> 是通过无限地将 nums 的元素追加到自己之后生成的。</p>
<p>请你从 <code>infinite_nums</code> 中找出满足 <strong>元素和</strong> 等于&nbsp;<code>target</code> 的 <strong>最短</strong> 子数组，并返回该子数组的长度。如果不存在满足条件的子数组，返回 <code>-1</code> 。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">示例 1：</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>输入：</strong>nums = [1,2,3], target = 5
<strong>输出：</strong>2
<strong>解释：</strong>在这个例子中 infinite_nums = [1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,...] 。
区间 [1,2] 内的子数组的元素和等于 target = 5 ，且长度 length = 2 。
可以证明，当元素和等于目标值 target = 5 时，2 是子数组的最短长度。</pre>
<p><strong class="example">示例 2：</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>输入：</strong>nums = [1,1,1,2,3], target = 4
<strong>输出：</strong>2
<strong>解释：</strong>在这个例子中 infinite_nums = [1,1,1,2,3,1,1,1,2,3,1,1,...].
区间 [4,5] 内的子数组的元素和等于 target = 4 ，且长度 length = 2 。
可以证明，当元素和等于目标值 target = 4 时，2 是子数组的最短长度。
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">示例 3：</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>输入：</strong>nums = [2,4,6,8], target = 3
<strong>输出：</strong>-1
<strong>解释：</strong>在这个例子中 infinite_nums = [2,4,6,8,2,4,6,8,...] 。
可以证明，不存在元素和等于目标值 target = 3 的子数组。
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= target &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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leetcode-cn/problem (Chinese)/有向图访问计数 [count-visited-nodes-in-a-directed-graph].html Normal file
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<p>现有一个有向图，其中包含 <code>n</code> 个节点，节点编号从 <code>0</code> 到 <code>n - 1</code> 。此外，该图还包含了 <code>n</code> 条有向边。</p>
<p>给你一个下标从 <strong>0</strong> 开始的数组 <code>edges</code> ，其中 <code>edges[i]</code> 表示存在一条从节点 <code>i</code> 到节点 <code>edges[i]</code> 的边。</p>
<p>想象在图上发生以下过程：</p>
<ul>
<li>你从节点 <code>x</code> 开始，通过边访问其他节点，直到你在<strong> 此过程 </strong>中再次访问到之前已经访问过的节点。</li>
</ul>
<p>返回数组 <code>answer</code> 作为答案，其中 <code>answer[i]</code> 表示如果从节点 <code>i</code> 开始执行该过程，你可以访问到的不同节点数。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">示例 1：</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2023/08/31/graaphdrawio-1.png" />
<pre>
<strong>输入：</strong>edges = [1,2,0,0]
<strong>输出：</strong>[3,3,3,4]
<strong>解释：</strong>从每个节点开始执行该过程，记录如下：
- 从节点 0 开始，访问节点 0 -&gt; 1 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 0 。访问的不同节点数是 3 。
- 从节点 1 开始，访问节点 1 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 0 -&gt; 1 。访问的不同节点数是 3 。
- 从节点 2 开始，访问节点 2 -&gt; 0 -&gt; 1 -&gt; 2 。访问的不同节点数是 3 。
- 从节点 3 开始，访问节点 3 -&gt; 0 -&gt; 1 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 0 。访问的不同节点数是 4 。
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">示例 2：</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2023/08/31/graaph2drawio.png" style="width: 191px; height: 251px;" />
<pre>
<strong>输入：</strong>edges = [1,2,3,4,0]
<strong>输出：</strong>[5,5,5,5,5]
<strong>解释：</strong>无论从哪个节点开始，在这个过程中，都可以访问到图中的每一个节点。
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>n == edges.length</code></li>
<li><code>2 &lt;= n &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>0 &lt;= edges[i] &lt;= n - 1</code></li>
<li><code>edges[i] != i</code></li>
</ul>

42
leetcode-cn/problem (Chinese)/有序三元组中的最大值 I [maximum-value-of-an-ordered-triplet-i].html Normal file
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<p>给你一个下标从 <strong>0</strong> 开始的整数数组 <code>nums</code> 。</p>
<p>请你从所有满足&nbsp;<code>i &lt; j &lt; k</code> 的下标三元组 <code>(i, j, k)</code> 中，找出并返回下标三元组的最大值。如果所有满足条件的三元组的值都是负数，则返回 <code>0</code> 。</p>
<p><strong>下标三元组</strong> <code>(i, j, k)</code> 的值等于 <code>(nums[i] - nums[j]) * nums[k]</code> 。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">示例 1：</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>输入：</strong>nums = [12,6,1,2,7]
<strong>输出：</strong>77
<strong>解释：</strong>下标三元组 (0, 2, 4) 的值是 (nums[0] - nums[2]) * nums[4] = 77 。
可以证明不存在值大于 77 的有序下标三元组。
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">示例 2：</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>输入：</strong>nums = [1,10,3,4,19]
<strong>输出：</strong>133
<strong>解释：</strong>下标三元组 (1, 2, 4) 的值是 (nums[1] - nums[2]) * nums[4] = 133 。
可以证明不存在值大于 133 的有序下标三元组。
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">示例 3：</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>输入：</strong>nums = [1,2,3]
<strong>输出：</strong>0
<strong>解释：</strong>唯一的下标三元组 (0, 1, 2) 的值是一个负数，(nums[0] - nums[1]) * nums[2] = -3 。因此，答案是 0 。
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>3 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 100</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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leetcode-cn/problem (Chinese)/有序三元组中的最大值 II [maximum-value-of-an-ordered-triplet-ii].html Normal file
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<p>给你一个下标从 <strong>0</strong> 开始的整数数组 <code>nums</code> 。</p>
<p>请你从所有满足&nbsp;<code>i &lt; j &lt; k</code> 的下标三元组 <code>(i, j, k)</code> 中，找出并返回下标三元组的最大值。如果所有满足条件的三元组的值都是负数，则返回 <code>0</code> 。</p>
<p><strong>下标三元组</strong> <code>(i, j, k)</code> 的值等于 <code>(nums[i] - nums[j]) * nums[k]</code> 。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">示例 1：</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>输入：</strong>nums = [12,6,1,2,7]
<strong>输出：</strong>77
<strong>解释：</strong>下标三元组 (0, 2, 4) 的值是 (nums[0] - nums[2]) * nums[4] = 77 。
可以证明不存在值大于 77 的有序下标三元组。
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">示例 2：</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>输入：</strong>nums = [1,10,3,4,19]
<strong>输出：</strong>133
<strong>解释：</strong>下标三元组 (1, 2, 4) 的值是 (nums[1] - nums[2]) * nums[4] = 133 。
可以证明不存在值大于 133 的有序下标三元组。
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">示例 3：</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>输入：</strong>nums = [1,2,3]
<strong>输出：</strong>0
<strong>解释：</strong>唯一的下标三元组 (0, 1, 2) 的值是一个负数，(nums[0] - nums[1]) * nums[2] = -3 。因此，答案是 0 。
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>提示：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>3 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
</ul>

40
leetcode-cn/problem (English)/使数组为空的最少操作次数(English) [minimum-number-of-operations-to-make-array-empty].html Normal file
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<p>You are given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> array <code>nums</code> consisting of positive integers.</p>
<p>There are two types of operations that you can apply on the array <strong>any</strong> number of times:</p>
<ul>
<li>Choose <strong>two</strong> elements with <strong>equal</strong> values and <strong>delete</strong> them from the array.</li>
<li>Choose <strong>three</strong> elements with <strong>equal</strong> values and <strong>delete</strong> them from the array.</li>
</ul>
<p>Return <em>the <strong>minimum</strong> number of operations required to make the array empty, or </em><code>-1</code><em> if it is not possible</em>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [2,3,3,2,2,4,2,3,4]
<strong>Output:</strong> 4
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We can apply the following operations to make the array empty:
- Apply the first operation on the elements at indices 0 and 3. The resulting array is nums = [3,3,2,4,2,3,4].
- Apply the first operation on the elements at indices 2 and 4. The resulting array is nums = [3,3,4,3,4].
- Apply the second operation on the elements at indices 0, 1, and 3. The resulting array is nums = [4,4].
- Apply the first operation on the elements at indices 0 and 1. The resulting array is nums = [].
It can be shown that we cannot make the array empty in less than 4 operations.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [2,1,2,2,3,3]
<strong>Output:</strong> -1
<strong>Explanation:</strong> It is impossible to empty the array.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>2 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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leetcode-cn/problem (English)/可以被 K 整除连通块的最大数目(English) [maximum-number-of-k-divisible-components].html Normal file
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<p>There is an undirected tree with <code>n</code> nodes labeled from <code>0</code> to <code>n - 1</code>. You are given the integer <code>n</code> and a 2D integer array <code>edges</code> of length <code>n - 1</code>, where <code>edges[i] = [a<sub>i</sub>, b<sub>i</sub>]</code> indicates that there is an edge between nodes <code>a<sub>i</sub></code> and <code>b<sub>i</sub></code> in the tree.</p>
<p>You are also given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> integer array <code>values</code> of length <code>n</code>, where <code>values[i]</code> is the <strong>value</strong> associated with the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> node, and an integer <code>k</code>.</p>
<p>A <strong>valid split</strong> of the tree is obtained by removing any set of edges, possibly empty, from the tree such that the resulting components all have values that are divisible by <code>k</code>, where the <strong>value of a connected component</strong> is the sum of the values of its nodes.</p>
<p>Return <em>the <strong>maximum number of components</strong> in any valid split</em>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2023/08/07/example12-cropped2svg.jpg" style="width: 1024px; height: 453px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> n = 5, edges = [[0,2],[1,2],[1,3],[2,4]], values = [1,8,1,4,4], k = 6
<strong>Output:</strong> 2
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We remove the edge connecting node 1 with 2. The resulting split is valid because:
- The value of the component containing nodes 1 and 3 is values[1] + values[3] = 12.
- The value of the component containing nodes 0, 2, and 4 is values[0] + values[2] + values[4] = 6.
It can be shown that no other valid split has more than 2 connected components.</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2023/08/07/example21svg-1.jpg" style="width: 999px; height: 338px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> n = 7, edges = [[0,1],[0,2],[1,3],[1,4],[2,5],[2,6]], values = [3,0,6,1,5,2,1], k = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> 3
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We remove the edge connecting node 0 with 2, and the edge connecting node 0 with 1. The resulting split is valid because:
- The value of the component containing node 0 is values[0] = 3.
- The value of the component containing nodes 2, 5, and 6 is values[2] + values[5] + values[6] = 9.
- The value of the component containing nodes 1, 3, and 4 is values[1] + values[3] + values[4] = 6.
It can be shown that no other valid split has more than 3 connected components.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 3 * 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>
<li><code>edges.length == n - 1</code></li>
<li><code>edges[i].length == 2</code></li>
<li><code>0 &lt;= a<sub>i</sub>, b<sub>i</sub> &lt; n</code></li>
<li><code>values.length == n</code></li>
<li><code>0 &lt;= values[i] &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
<li>Sum of <code>values</code> is divisible by <code>k</code>.</li>
<li>The input is generated such that <code>edges</code> represents a valid tree.</li>
</ul>

45
leetcode-cn/problem (English)/将数组分割成最多数目的子数组(English) [split-array-into-maximum-number-of-subarrays].html Normal file
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<p>You are given an array <code>nums</code> consisting of <strong>non-negative</strong> integers.</p>
<p>We define the score of subarray <code>nums[l..r]</code> such that <code>l &lt;= r</code> as <code>nums[l] AND nums[l + 1] AND ... AND nums[r]</code> where <strong>AND</strong> is the bitwise <code>AND</code> operation.</p>
<p>Consider splitting the array into one or more subarrays such that the following conditions are satisfied:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>E</strong><strong>ach</strong> element of the array belongs to <strong>exactly</strong> one subarray.</li>
<li>The sum of scores of the subarrays is the <strong>minimum</strong> possible.</li>
</ul>
<p>Return <em>the <strong>maximum</strong> number of subarrays in a split that satisfies the conditions above.</em></p>
<p>A <strong>subarray</strong> is a contiguous part of an array.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,0,2,0,1,2]
<strong>Output:</strong> 3
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We can split the array into the following subarrays:
- [1,0]. The score of this subarray is 1 AND 0 = 0.
- [2,0]. The score of this subarray is 2 AND 0 = 0.
- [1,2]. The score of this subarray is 1 AND 2 = 0.
The sum of scores is 0 + 0 + 0 = 0, which is the minimum possible score that we can obtain.
It can be shown that we cannot split the array into more than 3 subarrays with a total score of 0. So we return 3.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [5,7,1,3]
<strong>Output:</strong> 1
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We can split the array into one subarray: [5,7,1,3] with a score of 1, which is the minimum possible score that we can obtain.
It can be shown that we cannot split the array into more than 1 subarray with a total score of 1. So we return 1.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>0 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
</ul>

40
leetcode-cn/problem (English)/收集元素的最少操作次数(English) [minimum-operations-to-collect-elements].html Normal file
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<p>You are given an array <code>nums</code> of positive integers and an integer <code>k</code>.</p>
<p>In one operation, you can remove the last element of the array and add it to your collection.</p>
<p>Return <em>the <strong>minimum number of operations</strong> needed to collect elements</em> <code>1, 2, ..., k</code>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [3,1,5,4,2], k = 2
<strong>Output:</strong> 4
<strong>Explanation:</strong> After 4 operations, we collect elements 2, 4, 5, and 1, in this order. Our collection contains elements 1 and 2. Hence, the answer is 4.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [3,1,5,4,2], k = 5
<strong>Output:</strong> 5
<strong>Explanation:</strong> After 5 operations, we collect elements 2, 4, 5, 1, and 3, in this order. Our collection contains elements 1 through 5. Hence, the answer is 5.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [3,2,5,3,1], k = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> 4
<strong>Explanation:</strong> After 4 operations, we collect elements 1, 3, 5, and 2, in this order. Our collection contains elements 1 through 3. Hence, the answer is 4.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 50</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= nums.length</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= nums.length</code></li>
<li>The input is generated such that you can collect elements <code>1, 2, ..., k</code>.</li>
</ul>

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leetcode-cn/problem (English)/无限数组的最短子数组(English) [minimum-size-subarray-in-infinite-array].html Normal file
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<p>You are given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> array <code>nums</code> and an integer <code>target</code>.</p>
<p>A <strong>0-indexed</strong> array <code>infinite_nums</code> is generated by infinitely appending the elements of <code>nums</code> to itself.</p>
<p>Return <em>the length of the <strong>shortest</strong> subarray of the array </em><code>infinite_nums</code><em> with a sum equal to </em><code>target</code><em>.</em> If there is no such subarray return <code>-1</code>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,2,3], target = 5
<strong>Output:</strong> 2
<strong>Explanation:</strong> In this example infinite_nums = [1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,...].
The subarray in the range [1,2], has the sum equal to target = 5 and length = 2.
It can be proven that 2 is the shortest length of a subarray with sum equal to target = 5.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,1,1,2,3], target = 4
<strong>Output:</strong> 2
<strong>Explanation:</strong> In this example infinite_nums = [1,1,1,2,3,1,1,1,2,3,1,1,...].
The subarray in the range [4,5], has the sum equal to target = 4 and length = 2.
It can be proven that 2 is the shortest length of a subarray with sum equal to target = 4.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [2,4,6,8], target = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> -1
<strong>Explanation:</strong> In this example infinite_nums = [2,4,6,8,2,4,6,8,...].
It can be proven that there is no subarray with sum equal to target = 3.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= target &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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leetcode-cn/problem (English)/有向图访问计数(English) [count-visited-nodes-in-a-directed-graph].html Normal file
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<p>There is a <strong>directed</strong> graph consisting of <code>n</code> nodes numbered from <code>0</code> to <code>n - 1</code> and <code>n</code> directed edges.</p>
<p>You are given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> array <code>edges</code> where <code>edges[i]</code> indicates that there is an edge from node <code>i</code> to node <code>edges[i]</code>.</p>
<p>Consider the following process on the graph:</p>
<ul>
<li>You start from a node <code>x</code> and keep visiting other nodes through edges until you reach a node that you have already visited before on this <strong>same</strong> process.</li>
</ul>
<p>Return <em>an array </em><code>answer</code><em> where </em><code>answer[i]</code><em> is the number of <strong>different</strong> nodes that you will visit if you perform the process starting from node </em><code>i</code>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2023/08/31/graaphdrawio-1.png" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> edges = [1,2,0,0]
<strong>Output:</strong> [3,3,3,4]
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We perform the process starting from each node in the following way:
- Starting from node 0, we visit the nodes 0 -&gt; 1 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 0. The number of different nodes we visit is 3.
- Starting from node 1, we visit the nodes 1 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 0 -&gt; 1. The number of different nodes we visit is 3.
- Starting from node 2, we visit the nodes 2 -&gt; 0 -&gt; 1 -&gt; 2. The number of different nodes we visit is 3.
- Starting from node 3, we visit the nodes 3 -&gt; 0 -&gt; 1 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 0. The number of different nodes we visit is 4.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2023/08/31/graaph2drawio.png" style="width: 191px; height: 251px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> edges = [1,2,3,4,0]
<strong>Output:</strong> [5,5,5,5,5]
<strong>Explanation:</strong> Starting from any node we can visit every node in the graph in the process.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>n == edges.length</code></li>
<li><code>2 &lt;= n &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>0 &lt;= edges[i] &lt;= n - 1</code></li>
<li><code>edges[i] != i</code></li>
</ul>

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leetcode-cn/problem (English)/有序三元组中的最大值 I(English) [maximum-value-of-an-ordered-triplet-i].html Normal file
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<p>You are given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> integer array <code>nums</code>.</p>
<p>Return <em><strong>the maximum value over all triplets of indices</strong></em> <code>(i, j, k)</code> <em>such that</em> <code>i &lt; j &lt; k</code>. If all such triplets have a negative value, return <code>0</code>.</p>
<p>The <strong>value of a triplet of indices</strong> <code>(i, j, k)</code> is equal to <code>(nums[i] - nums[j]) * nums[k]</code>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [12,6,1,2,7]
<strong>Output:</strong> 77
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The value of the triplet (0, 2, 4) is (nums[0] - nums[2]) * nums[4] = 77.
It can be shown that there are no ordered triplets of indices with a value greater than 77.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,10,3,4,19]
<strong>Output:</strong> 133
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The value of the triplet (1, 2, 4) is (nums[1] - nums[2]) * nums[4] = 133.
It can be shown that there are no ordered triplets of indices with a value greater than 133.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,2,3]
<strong>Output:</strong> 0
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The only ordered triplet of indices (0, 1, 2) has a negative value of (nums[0] - nums[1]) * nums[2] = -3. Hence, the answer would be 0.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>3 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 100</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
</ul>

40
leetcode-cn/problem (English)/有序三元组中的最大值 II(English) [maximum-value-of-an-ordered-triplet-ii].html Normal file
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<p>You are given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> integer array <code>nums</code>.</p>
<p>Return <em><strong>the maximum value over all triplets of indices</strong></em> <code>(i, j, k)</code> <em>such that</em> <code>i &lt; j &lt; k</code><em>. </em>If all such triplets have a negative value, return <code>0</code>.</p>
<p>The <strong>value of a triplet of indices</strong> <code>(i, j, k)</code> is equal to <code>(nums[i] - nums[j]) * nums[k]</code>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [12,6,1,2,7]
<strong>Output:</strong> 77
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The value of the triplet (0, 2, 4) is (nums[0] - nums[2]) * nums[4] = 77.
It can be shown that there are no ordered triplets of indices with a value greater than 77.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,10,3,4,19]
<strong>Output:</strong> 133
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The value of the triplet (1, 2, 4) is (nums[1] - nums[2]) * nums[4] = 133.
It can be shown that there are no ordered triplets of indices with a value greater than 133.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,2,3]
<strong>Output:</strong> 0
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The only ordered triplet of indices (0, 1, 2) has a negative value of (nums[0] - nums[1]) * nums[2] = -3. Hence, the answer would be 0.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>3 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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59
leetcode/originData/create-a-new-column.json Normal file
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"questionId": "3066",
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"title": "Create a New Column",
"titleSlug": "create-a-new-column",
"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame <code>employees</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type. |\n+-------------+--------+\n| name | object |\n| salary | int. |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>A&nbsp;company plans to provide its employees with a bonus.</p>\n\n<p>Write a solution to create a new column name <code>bonus</code> that contains the <strong>doubled values</strong> of the <code>salary</code> column.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:</strong>\nDataFrame employees\n+---------+--------+\n| name | salary |\n+---------+--------+\n| Piper | 4548 |\n| Grace | 28150 |\n| Georgia | 1103 |\n| Willow | 6593 |\n| Finn | 74576 |\n| Thomas | 24433 |\n+---------+--------+\n<strong>Output:</strong>\n+---------+--------+--------+\n| name | salary | bonus |\n+---------+--------+--------+\n| Piper | 4548 | 9096 |\n| Grace | 28150 | 56300 |\n| Georgia | 1103 | 2206 |\n| Willow | 593 | 13186 |\n| Finn | 74576 | 149152 |\n| Thomas | 24433 | 48866 |\n+---------+--------+--------+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong> \nA new column bonus is created by doubling the value in the column salary.</pre>\n",
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59
leetcode/originData/display-the-first-three-rows.json Normal file
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59
leetcode/originData/drop-duplicate-rows.json Normal file
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"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame customers\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| customer_id | int |\n| name | object |\n| email | object |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>There are some duplicate rows in the DataFrame based on the <code>email</code> column.</p>\n\n<p>Write a solution to remove these duplicate rows and keep only the <strong>first</strong> occurrence.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<pre>\n<strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong>\n<strong>Input:</strong>\n+-------------+---------+---------------------+\n| customer_id | name | email |\n+-------------+---------+---------------------+\n| 1 | Ella | emily@example.com |\n| 2 | David | michael@example.com |\n| 3 | Zachary | sarah@example.com |\n| 4 | Alice | john@example.com |\n| 5 | Finn | john@example.com |\n| 6 | Violet | alice@example.com |\n+-------------+---------+---------------------+\n<strong>Output: </strong> \n+-------------+---------+---------------------+\n| customer_id | name | email |\n+-------------+---------+---------------------+\n| 1 | Ella | emily@example.com |\n| 2 | David | michael@example.com |\n| 3 | Zachary | sarah@example.com |\n| 4 | Alice | john@example.com |\n| 6 | Violet | alice@example.com |\n+-------------+---------+---------------------+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong>\nAlic (customer_id = 4) and Finn (customer_id = 5) both use john@example.com, so only the first occurrence of this email is retained.\n</pre>\n",
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59
leetcode/originData/drop-missing-data.json Normal file
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"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame students\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| student_id | int |\n| name | object |\n| age | int |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>There are some rows having missing values in the <code>name</code> column.</p>\n\n<p>Write a solution to remove the rows with missing values.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:\n</strong>+------------+-------+-----+\n| student_id | name | age |\n+------------+-------+-----+\n| 32 | Piper | 5 |\n| 217 | Grace | 19 |\n| 779 | None | 20 |\n| 849 | None | 14 |\n+------------+-------+-----+\n<strong>Output:\n</strong>+------------+-------+-----+\n| student_id | name | age |\n+------------+-------+-----+\n| 32 | Piper | 5 |\n| 217 | Grace | 19 |\n+------------+-------+-----+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong> \nStudents with ids 779 and 849 have empty values in the name column, so they will be removed.</pre>\n",
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59
leetcode/originData/fill-missing-data.json Normal file
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"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame <code>products</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| name | object |\n| quantity | int |\n| price | int |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>Write a solution to fill in the missing value as <code><strong>0</strong></code> in the <code>quantity</code> column.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<pre>\n<strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong>\n<strong>Input:</strong>+-----------------+----------+-------+\n| name | quantity | price |\n+-----------------+----------+-------+\n| Wristwatch | 32 | 135 |\n| WirelessEarbuds | None | 821 |\n| GolfClubs | None | 9319 |\n| Printer | 849 | 3051 |\n+-----------------+----------+-------+\n<strong>Output:\n</strong>+-----------------+----------+-------+\n| name | quantity | price |\n+-----------------+----------+-------+\n| Wristwatch | 32 | 135 |\n| WirelessEarbuds | 0 | 821 |\n| GolfClubs | 0 | 9319 |\n| Printer | 849 | 3051 |\n+-----------------+----------+-------+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong> \nThe quantity for Toaster and Headphones are filled by 0.</pre>\n",
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59
leetcode/originData/get-the-size-of-a-dataframe.json Normal file
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"title": "Get the Size of a DataFrame",
"titleSlug": "get-the-size-of-a-dataframe",
"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame <code>players:</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| player_id | int |\n| name | object |\n| age | int |\n| position | object |\n| ... | ... |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>Write a solution to calculate and display the <strong>number of rows and columns</strong> of <code>players</code>.</p>\n\n<p>Return the result as an array:</p>\n\n<p><code>[number of rows, number of columns]</code></p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:\n</strong>+-----------+----------+-----+-------------+--------------------+\n| player_id | name | age | position | team |\n+-----------+----------+-----+-------------+--------------------+\n| 846 | Mason | 21 | Forward | RealMadrid |\n| 749 | Riley | 30 | Winger | Barcelona |\n| 155 | Bob | 28 | Striker | ManchesterUnited |\n| 583 | Isabella | 32 | Goalkeeper | Liverpool |\n| 388 | Zachary | 24 | Midfielder | BayernMunich |\n| 883 | Ava | 23 | Defender | Chelsea |\n| 355 | Violet | 18 | Striker | Juventus |\n| 247 | Thomas | 27 | Striker | ParisSaint-Germain |\n| 761 | Jack | 33 | Midfielder | ManchesterCity |\n| 642 | Charlie | 36 | Center-back | Arsenal |\n+-----------+----------+-----+-------------+--------------------+<strong>\nOutput:\n</strong>[10, 5]\n<strong>Explanation:</strong>\nThis DataFrame contains 10 rows and 5 columns.\n</pre>\n",
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"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame <code>animals</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| name | object |\n| species | object |\n| age | int |\n| weight | int |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>Write a solution to list the names of animals that weigh <strong>strictly more than</strong> <code>100</code> kilograms.</p>\n\n<p>Return the&nbsp;animals sorted by weight in <strong>descending order</strong>.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:</strong> \nDataFrame animals:\n+----------+---------+-----+--------+\n| name | species | age | weight |\n+----------+---------+-----+--------+\n| Tatiana | Snake | 98 | 464 |\n| Khaled | Giraffe | 50 | 41 |\n| Alex | Leopard | 6 | 328 |\n| Jonathan | Monkey | 45 | 463 |\n| Stefan | Bear | 100 | 50 |\n| Tommy | Panda | 26 | 349 |\n+----------+---------+-----+--------+\n<strong>Output:</strong> \n+----------+\n| name |\n+----------+\n| Tatiana |\n| Jonathan |\n| Tommy |\n| Alex |\n+----------+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong> \nAll animals weighing more than 100 should be included in the results table.\nTatiana&#39;s weight is 464, Jonathan&#39;s weight is 463, Tommy&#39;s weight is 349, and Alex&#39;s weight is 328.\nThe results should be sorted in descending order of weight.</pre>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>In Pandas, <strong>method chaining</strong> enables us to&nbsp;perform operations on a DataFrame without breaking up each operation into a separate line or creating multiple temporary variables.&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p>Can you complete this&nbsp;task in just <strong>one line </strong>of code using method chaining?</p>\n",
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leetcode/originData/modify-columns.json Normal file
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59
leetcode/originData/rename-columns.json Normal file
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"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame <code>students</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| id | int |\n| first | object |\n| last | object |\n| age | int |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>Write a solution to rename the columns as follows:</p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><code>id</code> to <code>student_id</code></li>\n\t<li><code>first</code> to <code>first_name</code></li>\n\t<li><code>last</code> to <code>last_name</code></li>\n\t<li><code>age</code> to <code>age_in_years</code></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<pre>\n<strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong>\n<strong>Input:\n</strong>+----+---------+----------+-----+\n| id | first | last | age |\n+----+---------+----------+-----+\n| 1 | Mason | King | 6 |\n| 2 | Ava | Wright | 7 |\n| 3 | Taylor | Hall | 16 |\n| 4 | Georgia | Thompson | 18 |\n| 5 | Thomas | Moore | 10 |\n+----+---------+----------+-----+\n<strong>Output:</strong>\n+------------+------------+-----------+--------------+\n| student_id | first_name | last_name | age_in_years |\n+------------+------------+-----------+--------------+\n| 1 | Mason | King | 6 |\n| 2 | Ava | Wright | 7 |\n| 3 | Taylor | Hall | 16 |\n| 4 | Georgia | Thompson | 18 |\n| 5 | Thomas | Moore | 10 |\n+------------+------------+-----------+--------------+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong> \nThe column names are changed accordingly.</pre>\n",
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59
leetcode/originData/reshape-data-concatenate.json Normal file
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"title": "Reshape Data: Concatenate",
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"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame <code>df1</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| student_id | int |\n| name | object |\n| age | int |\n+-------------+--------+\n\nDataFrame <code>df2</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| student_id | int |\n| name | object |\n| age | int |\n+-------------+--------+\n\n</pre>\n\n<p>Write a solution to concatenate these two DataFrames <strong>vertically</strong> into one DataFrame.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:\ndf1</strong>\n+------------+---------+-----+\n| student_id | name | age |\n+------------+---------+-----+\n| 1 | Mason | 8 |\n| 2 | Ava | 6 |\n| 3 | Taylor | 15 |\n| 4 | Georgia | 17 |\n+------------+---------+-----+\n<strong>df2\n</strong>+------------+------+-----+\n| student_id | name | age |\n+------------+------+-----+\n| 5 | Leo | 7 |\n| 6 | Alex | 7 |\n+------------+------+-----+\n<strong>Output:</strong>\n+------------+---------+-----+\n| student_id | name | age |\n+------------+---------+-----+\n| 1 | Mason | 8 |\n| 2 | Ava | 6 |\n| 3 | Taylor | 15 |\n| 4 | Georgia | 17 |\n| 5 | Leo | 7 |\n| 6 | Alex | 7 |\n+------------+---------+-----+\n<strong>Explanation:\n</strong>The two DataFramess are stacked vertically, and their rows are combined.</pre>\n",
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59
leetcode/originData/reshape-data-melt.json Normal file
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"title": "Reshape Data: Melt",
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"content": "<pre>\nDataFrame <code>report</code>\n+-------------+--------+\n| Column Name | Type |\n+-------------+--------+\n| product | object |\n| quarter_1 | int |\n| quarter_2 | int |\n| quarter_3 | int |\n| quarter_4 | int |\n+-------------+--------+\n</pre>\n\n<p>Write a solution to <strong>reshape</strong> the data so that each row represents sales data for a product in a specific quarter.</p>\n\n<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong class=\"example\">Example 1:</strong></p>\n\n<pre>\n<strong>Input:\n</strong>+-------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+\n| product | quarter_1 | quarter_2 | quarter_3 | quarter_4 |\n+-------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+\n| Umbrella | 417 | 224 | 379 | 611 |\n| SleepingBag | 800 | 936 | 93 | 875 |\n+-------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+\n<strong>Output:</strong>\n+-------------+-----------+-------+\n| product | quarter | sales |\n+-------------+-----------+-------+\n| Umbrella | quarter_1 | 417 |\n| SleepingBag | quarter_1 | 800 |\n| Umbrella | quarter_2 | 224 |\n| SleepingBag | quarter_2 | 936 |\n| Umbrella | quarter_3 | 379 |\n| SleepingBag | quarter_3 | 93 |\n| Umbrella | quarter_4 | 611 |\n| SleepingBag | quarter_4 | 875 |\n+-------------+-----------+-------+\n<strong>Explanation:</strong>\nThe DataFrame is reshaped from wide to long format. Each row represents the sales of a product in a quarter.\n</pre>\n",
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59
leetcode/originData/reshape-data-pivot.json Normal file
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181
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<pre>
DataFrame <code>students</code>
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| student_id | int |
| name | object |
| age | int |
| grade | float |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>Write a solution to correct the errors:</p>
<p>The <code>grade</code> column is stored as floats,&nbsp;convert it to integers.</p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<pre>
<strong class="example">Example 1:</strong>
<strong>Input:
</strong>DataFrame students:
+------------+------+-----+-------+
| student_id | name | age | grade |
+------------+------+-----+-------+
| 1 | Ava | 6 | 73.0 |
| 2 | Kate | 15 | 87.0 |
+------------+------+-----+-------+
<strong>Output:
</strong>+------------+------+-----+-------+
| student_id | name | age | grade |
+------------+------+-----+-------+
| 1 | Ava | 6 | 73 |
| 2 | Kate | 15 | 87 |
+------------+------+-----+-------+
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
The data types of the column grade is converted to int.</pre>

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<p>There is a <strong>directed</strong> graph consisting of <code>n</code> nodes numbered from <code>0</code> to <code>n - 1</code> and <code>n</code> directed edges.</p>
<p>You are given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> array <code>edges</code> where <code>edges[i]</code> indicates that there is an edge from node <code>i</code> to node <code>edges[i]</code>.</p>
<p>Consider the following process on the graph:</p>
<ul>
<li>You start from a node <code>x</code> and keep visiting other nodes through edges until you reach a node that you have already visited before on this <strong>same</strong> process.</li>
</ul>
<p>Return <em>an array </em><code>answer</code><em> where </em><code>answer[i]</code><em> is the number of <strong>different</strong> nodes that you will visit if you perform the process starting from node </em><code>i</code>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2023/08/31/graaphdrawio-1.png" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> edges = [1,2,0,0]
<strong>Output:</strong> [3,3,3,4]
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We perform the process starting from each node in the following way:
- Starting from node 0, we visit the nodes 0 -&gt; 1 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 0. The number of different nodes we visit is 3.
- Starting from node 1, we visit the nodes 1 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 0 -&gt; 1. The number of different nodes we visit is 3.
- Starting from node 2, we visit the nodes 2 -&gt; 0 -&gt; 1 -&gt; 2. The number of different nodes we visit is 3.
- Starting from node 3, we visit the nodes 3 -&gt; 0 -&gt; 1 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 0. The number of different nodes we visit is 4.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2023/08/31/graaph2drawio.png" style="width: 191px; height: 251px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> edges = [1,2,3,4,0]
<strong>Output:</strong> [5,5,5,5,5]
<strong>Explanation:</strong> Starting from any node we can visit every node in the graph in the process.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>n == edges.length</code></li>
<li><code>2 &lt;= n &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>0 &lt;= edges[i] &lt;= n - 1</code></li>
<li><code>edges[i] != i</code></li>
</ul>

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<p>Write a solution to <strong>create</strong> a DataFrame from a 2D list called <code>student_data</code>. This 2D list contains the IDs and ages of some students.</p>
<p>The DataFrame should have two columns, <code>student_id</code> and <code>age</code>, and be in the same order as the original 2D list.</p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:
</strong>student_data:<strong>
</strong><code>[
[1, 15],
[2, 11],
[3, 11],
[4, 20]
]</code>
<strong>Output:</strong>
+------------+-----+
| student_id | age |
+------------+-----+
| 1 | 15 |
| 2 | 11 |
| 3 | 11 |
| 4 | 20 |
+------------+-----+
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
A DataFrame was created on top of student_data, with two columns named <code>student_id</code> and <code>age</code>.
</pre>

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<pre>
DataFrame <code>employees</code>
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type. |
+-------------+--------+
| name | object |
| salary | int. |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>A&nbsp;company plans to provide its employees with a bonus.</p>
<p>Write a solution to create a new column name <code>bonus</code> that contains the <strong>doubled values</strong> of the <code>salary</code> column.</p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong>
DataFrame employees
+---------+--------+
| name | salary |
+---------+--------+
| Piper | 4548 |
| Grace | 28150 |
| Georgia | 1103 |
| Willow | 6593 |
| Finn | 74576 |
| Thomas | 24433 |
+---------+--------+
<strong>Output:</strong>
+---------+--------+--------+
| name | salary | bonus |
+---------+--------+--------+
| Piper | 4548 | 9096 |
| Grace | 28150 | 56300 |
| Georgia | 1103 | 2206 |
| Willow | 593 | 13186 |
| Finn | 74576 | 149152 |
| Thomas | 24433 | 48866 |
+---------+--------+--------+
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
A new column bonus is created by doubling the value in the column salary.</pre>

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leetcode/problem/display-the-first-three-rows.html Normal file
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<pre>
DataFrame: <code>employees</code>
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| employee_id | int |
| name | object |
| department | object |
| salary | int |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>Write a solution to display the <strong>first <code>3</code> </strong>rows<strong> </strong>of this DataFrame.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:
</strong>DataFrame employees
+-------------+-----------+-----------------------+--------+
| employee_id | name | department | salary |
+-------------+-----------+-----------------------+--------+
| 3 | Bob | Operations | 48675 |
| 90 | Alice | Sales | 11096 |
| 9 | Tatiana | Engineering | 33805 |
| 60 | Annabelle | InformationTechnology | 37678 |
| 49 | Jonathan | HumanResources | 23793 |
| 43 | Khaled | Administration | 40454 |
+-------------+-----------+-----------------------+--------+
<strong>Output:</strong>
+-------------+---------+-------------+--------+
| employee_id | name | department | salary |
+-------------+---------+-------------+--------+
| 3 | Bob | Operations | 48675 |
| 90 | Alice | Sales | 11096 |
| 9 | Tatiana | Engineering | 33805 |
+-------------+---------+-------------+--------+
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
Only the first 3 rows are displayed.</pre>

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<pre>
DataFrame customers
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| customer_id | int |
| name | object |
| email | object |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>There are some duplicate rows in the DataFrame based on the <code>email</code> column.</p>
<p>Write a solution to remove these duplicate rows and keep only the <strong>first</strong> occurrence.</p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<pre>
<strong class="example">Example 1:</strong>
<strong>Input:</strong>
+-------------+---------+---------------------+
| customer_id | name | email |
+-------------+---------+---------------------+
| 1 | Ella | emily@example.com |
| 2 | David | michael@example.com |
| 3 | Zachary | sarah@example.com |
| 4 | Alice | john@example.com |
| 5 | Finn | john@example.com |
| 6 | Violet | alice@example.com |
+-------------+---------+---------------------+
<strong>Output: </strong>
+-------------+---------+---------------------+
| customer_id | name | email |
+-------------+---------+---------------------+
| 1 | Ella | emily@example.com |
| 2 | David | michael@example.com |
| 3 | Zachary | sarah@example.com |
| 4 | Alice | john@example.com |
| 6 | Violet | alice@example.com |
+-------------+---------+---------------------+
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
Alic (customer_id = 4) and Finn (customer_id = 5) both use john@example.com, so only the first occurrence of this email is retained.
</pre>

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<pre>
DataFrame students
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| student_id | int |
| name | object |
| age | int |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>There are some rows having missing values in the <code>name</code> column.</p>
<p>Write a solution to remove the rows with missing values.</p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:
</strong>+------------+-------+-----+
| student_id | name | age |
+------------+-------+-----+
| 32 | Piper | 5 |
| 217 | Grace | 19 |
| 779 | None | 20 |
| 849 | None | 14 |
+------------+-------+-----+
<strong>Output:
</strong>+------------+-------+-----+
| student_id | name | age |
+------------+-------+-----+
| 32 | Piper | 5 |
| 217 | Grace | 19 |
+------------+-------+-----+
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
Students with ids 779 and 849 have empty values in the name column, so they will be removed.</pre>

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<pre>
DataFrame <code>products</code>
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| name | object |
| quantity | int |
| price | int |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>Write a solution to fill in the missing value as <code><strong>0</strong></code> in the <code>quantity</code> column.</p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<pre>
<strong class="example">Example 1:</strong>
<strong>Input:</strong>+-----------------+----------+-------+
| name | quantity | price |
+-----------------+----------+-------+
| Wristwatch | 32 | 135 |
| WirelessEarbuds | None | 821 |
| GolfClubs | None | 9319 |
| Printer | 849 | 3051 |
+-----------------+----------+-------+
<strong>Output:
</strong>+-----------------+----------+-------+
| name | quantity | price |
+-----------------+----------+-------+
| Wristwatch | 32 | 135 |
| WirelessEarbuds | 0 | 821 |
| GolfClubs | 0 | 9319 |
| Printer | 849 | 3051 |
+-----------------+----------+-------+
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
The quantity for Toaster and Headphones are filled by 0.</pre>

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<pre>
DataFrame <code>players:</code>
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| player_id | int |
| name | object |
| age | int |
| position | object |
| ... | ... |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>Write a solution to calculate and display the <strong>number of rows and columns</strong> of <code>players</code>.</p>
<p>Return the result as an array:</p>
<p><code>[number of rows, number of columns]</code></p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:
</strong>+-----------+----------+-----+-------------+--------------------+
| player_id | name | age | position | team |
+-----------+----------+-----+-------------+--------------------+
| 846 | Mason | 21 | Forward | RealMadrid |
| 749 | Riley | 30 | Winger | Barcelona |
| 155 | Bob | 28 | Striker | ManchesterUnited |
| 583 | Isabella | 32 | Goalkeeper | Liverpool |
| 388 | Zachary | 24 | Midfielder | BayernMunich |
| 883 | Ava | 23 | Defender | Chelsea |
| 355 | Violet | 18 | Striker | Juventus |
| 247 | Thomas | 27 | Striker | ParisSaint-Germain |
| 761 | Jack | 33 | Midfielder | ManchesterCity |
| 642 | Charlie | 36 | Center-back | Arsenal |
+-----------+----------+-----+-------------+--------------------+<strong>
Output:
</strong>[10, 5]
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
This DataFrame contains 10 rows and 5 columns.
</pre>

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<p>There is an undirected tree with <code>n</code> nodes labeled from <code>0</code> to <code>n - 1</code>. You are given the integer <code>n</code> and a 2D integer array <code>edges</code> of length <code>n - 1</code>, where <code>edges[i] = [a<sub>i</sub>, b<sub>i</sub>]</code> indicates that there is an edge between nodes <code>a<sub>i</sub></code> and <code>b<sub>i</sub></code> in the tree.</p>
<p>You are also given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> integer array <code>values</code> of length <code>n</code>, where <code>values[i]</code> is the <strong>value</strong> associated with the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> node, and an integer <code>k</code>.</p>
<p>A <strong>valid split</strong> of the tree is obtained by removing any set of edges, possibly empty, from the tree such that the resulting components all have values that are divisible by <code>k</code>, where the <strong>value of a connected component</strong> is the sum of the values of its nodes.</p>
<p>Return <em>the <strong>maximum number of components</strong> in any valid split</em>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2023/08/07/example12-cropped2svg.jpg" style="width: 1024px; height: 453px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> n = 5, edges = [[0,2],[1,2],[1,3],[2,4]], values = [1,8,1,4,4], k = 6
<strong>Output:</strong> 2
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We remove the edge connecting node 1 with 2. The resulting split is valid because:
- The value of the component containing nodes 1 and 3 is values[1] + values[3] = 12.
- The value of the component containing nodes 0, 2, and 4 is values[0] + values[2] + values[4] = 6.
It can be shown that no other valid split has more than 2 connected components.</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2023/08/07/example21svg-1.jpg" style="width: 999px; height: 338px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> n = 7, edges = [[0,1],[0,2],[1,3],[1,4],[2,5],[2,6]], values = [3,0,6,1,5,2,1], k = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> 3
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We remove the edge connecting node 0 with 2, and the edge connecting node 0 with 1. The resulting split is valid because:
- The value of the component containing node 0 is values[0] = 3.
- The value of the component containing nodes 2, 5, and 6 is values[2] + values[5] + values[6] = 9.
- The value of the component containing nodes 1, 3, and 4 is values[1] + values[3] + values[4] = 6.
It can be shown that no other valid split has more than 3 connected components.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 3 * 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>
<li><code>edges.length == n - 1</code></li>
<li><code>edges[i].length == 2</code></li>
<li><code>0 &lt;= a<sub>i</sub>, b<sub>i</sub> &lt; n</code></li>
<li><code>values.length == n</code></li>
<li><code>0 &lt;= values[i] &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
<li>Sum of <code>values</code> is divisible by <code>k</code>.</li>
<li>The input is generated such that <code>edges</code> represents a valid tree.</li>
</ul>

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@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
<p>You are given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> integer array <code>nums</code>.</p>
<p>Return <em><strong>the maximum value over all triplets of indices</strong></em> <code>(i, j, k)</code> <em>such that</em> <code>i &lt; j &lt; k</code>. If all such triplets have a negative value, return <code>0</code>.</p>
<p>The <strong>value of a triplet of indices</strong> <code>(i, j, k)</code> is equal to <code>(nums[i] - nums[j]) * nums[k]</code>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [12,6,1,2,7]
<strong>Output:</strong> 77
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The value of the triplet (0, 2, 4) is (nums[0] - nums[2]) * nums[4] = 77.
It can be shown that there are no ordered triplets of indices with a value greater than 77.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,10,3,4,19]
<strong>Output:</strong> 133
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The value of the triplet (1, 2, 4) is (nums[1] - nums[2]) * nums[4] = 133.
It can be shown that there are no ordered triplets of indices with a value greater than 133.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,2,3]
<strong>Output:</strong> 0
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The only ordered triplet of indices (0, 1, 2) has a negative value of (nums[0] - nums[1]) * nums[2] = -3. Hence, the answer would be 0.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>3 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 100</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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<p>You are given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> integer array <code>nums</code>.</p>
<p>Return <em><strong>the maximum value over all triplets of indices</strong></em> <code>(i, j, k)</code> <em>such that</em> <code>i &lt; j &lt; k</code><em>. </em>If all such triplets have a negative value, return <code>0</code>.</p>
<p>The <strong>value of a triplet of indices</strong> <code>(i, j, k)</code> is equal to <code>(nums[i] - nums[j]) * nums[k]</code>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [12,6,1,2,7]
<strong>Output:</strong> 77
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The value of the triplet (0, 2, 4) is (nums[0] - nums[2]) * nums[4] = 77.
It can be shown that there are no ordered triplets of indices with a value greater than 77.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,10,3,4,19]
<strong>Output:</strong> 133
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The value of the triplet (1, 2, 4) is (nums[1] - nums[2]) * nums[4] = 133.
It can be shown that there are no ordered triplets of indices with a value greater than 133.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,2,3]
<strong>Output:</strong> 0
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The only ordered triplet of indices (0, 1, 2) has a negative value of (nums[0] - nums[1]) * nums[2] = -3. Hence, the answer would be 0.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>3 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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<pre>
DataFrame <code>animals</code>
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| name | object |
| species | object |
| age | int |
| weight | int |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>Write a solution to list the names of animals that weigh <strong>strictly more than</strong> <code>100</code> kilograms.</p>
<p>Return the&nbsp;animals sorted by weight in <strong>descending order</strong>.</p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong>
DataFrame animals:
+----------+---------+-----+--------+
| name | species | age | weight |
+----------+---------+-----+--------+
| Tatiana | Snake | 98 | 464 |
| Khaled | Giraffe | 50 | 41 |
| Alex | Leopard | 6 | 328 |
| Jonathan | Monkey | 45 | 463 |
| Stefan | Bear | 100 | 50 |
| Tommy | Panda | 26 | 349 |
+----------+---------+-----+--------+
<strong>Output:</strong>
+----------+
| name |
+----------+
| Tatiana |
| Jonathan |
| Tommy |
| Alex |
+----------+
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
All animals weighing more than 100 should be included in the results table.
Tatiana&#39;s weight is 464, Jonathan&#39;s weight is 463, Tommy&#39;s weight is 349, and Alex&#39;s weight is 328.
The results should be sorted in descending order of weight.</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>In Pandas, <strong>method chaining</strong> enables us to&nbsp;perform operations on a DataFrame without breaking up each operation into a separate line or creating multiple temporary variables.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Can you complete this&nbsp;task in just <strong>one line </strong>of code using method chaining?</p>

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<p>You are given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> array <code>nums</code> consisting of positive integers.</p>
<p>There are two types of operations that you can apply on the array <strong>any</strong> number of times:</p>
<ul>
<li>Choose <strong>two</strong> elements with <strong>equal</strong> values and <strong>delete</strong> them from the array.</li>
<li>Choose <strong>three</strong> elements with <strong>equal</strong> values and <strong>delete</strong> them from the array.</li>
</ul>
<p>Return <em>the <strong>minimum</strong> number of operations required to make the array empty, or </em><code>-1</code><em> if it is not possible</em>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [2,3,3,2,2,4,2,3,4]
<strong>Output:</strong> 4
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We can apply the following operations to make the array empty:
- Apply the first operation on the elements at indices 0 and 3. The resulting array is nums = [3,3,2,4,2,3,4].
- Apply the first operation on the elements at indices 2 and 4. The resulting array is nums = [3,3,4,3,4].
- Apply the second operation on the elements at indices 0, 1, and 3. The resulting array is nums = [4,4].
- Apply the first operation on the elements at indices 0 and 1. The resulting array is nums = [].
It can be shown that we cannot make the array empty in less than 4 operations.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [2,1,2,2,3,3]
<strong>Output:</strong> -1
<strong>Explanation:</strong> It is impossible to empty the array.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>2 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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<p>You are given an array <code>nums</code> of positive integers and an integer <code>k</code>.</p>
<p>In one operation, you can remove the last element of the array and add it to your collection.</p>
<p>Return <em>the <strong>minimum number of operations</strong> needed to collect elements</em> <code>1, 2, ..., k</code>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [3,1,5,4,2], k = 2
<strong>Output:</strong> 4
<strong>Explanation:</strong> After 4 operations, we collect elements 2, 4, 5, and 1, in this order. Our collection contains elements 1 and 2. Hence, the answer is 4.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [3,1,5,4,2], k = 5
<strong>Output:</strong> 5
<strong>Explanation:</strong> After 5 operations, we collect elements 2, 4, 5, 1, and 3, in this order. Our collection contains elements 1 through 5. Hence, the answer is 5.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [3,2,5,3,1], k = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> 4
<strong>Explanation:</strong> After 4 operations, we collect elements 1, 3, 5, and 2, in this order. Our collection contains elements 1 through 3. Hence, the answer is 4.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 50</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= nums.length</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= nums.length</code></li>
<li>The input is generated such that you can collect elements <code>1, 2, ..., k</code>.</li>
</ul>

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<p>You are given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> array <code>nums</code> and an integer <code>target</code>.</p>
<p>A <strong>0-indexed</strong> array <code>infinite_nums</code> is generated by infinitely appending the elements of <code>nums</code> to itself.</p>
<p>Return <em>the length of the <strong>shortest</strong> subarray of the array </em><code>infinite_nums</code><em> with a sum equal to </em><code>target</code><em>.</em> If there is no such subarray return <code>-1</code>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,2,3], target = 5
<strong>Output:</strong> 2
<strong>Explanation:</strong> In this example infinite_nums = [1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,...].
The subarray in the range [1,2], has the sum equal to target = 5 and length = 2.
It can be proven that 2 is the shortest length of a subarray with sum equal to target = 5.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,1,1,2,3], target = 4
<strong>Output:</strong> 2
<strong>Explanation:</strong> In this example infinite_nums = [1,1,1,2,3,1,1,1,2,3,1,1,...].
The subarray in the range [4,5], has the sum equal to target = 4 and length = 2.
It can be proven that 2 is the shortest length of a subarray with sum equal to target = 4.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [2,4,6,8], target = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> -1
<strong>Explanation:</strong> In this example infinite_nums = [2,4,6,8,2,4,6,8,...].
It can be proven that there is no subarray with sum equal to target = 3.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= target &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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<pre>
DataFrame <code>employees</code>
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| name | object |
| salary | int |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>A company intends to give its employees a pay rise.</p>
<p>Write a solution to <strong>modify</strong> the <code>salary</code> column by multiplying each salary by 2.</p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:
</strong>DataFrame employees
+---------+--------+
| name | salary |
+---------+--------+
| Jack | 19666 |
| Piper | 74754 |
| Mia | 62509 |
| Ulysses | 54866 |
+---------+--------+
<strong>Output:
</strong>+---------+--------+
| name | salary |
+---------+--------+
| Jack | 39332 |
| Piper | 149508 |
| Mia | 125018 |
| Ulysses | 109732 |
+---------+--------+
<strong>Explanation:
</strong>Every salary has been doubled.</pre>

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<pre>
DataFrame <code>students</code>
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| id | int |
| first | object |
| last | object |
| age | int |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>Write a solution to rename the columns as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>id</code> to <code>student_id</code></li>
<li><code>first</code> to <code>first_name</code></li>
<li><code>last</code> to <code>last_name</code></li>
<li><code>age</code> to <code>age_in_years</code></li>
</ul>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<pre>
<strong class="example">Example 1:</strong>
<strong>Input:
</strong>+----+---------+----------+-----+
| id | first | last | age |
+----+---------+----------+-----+
| 1 | Mason | King | 6 |
| 2 | Ava | Wright | 7 |
| 3 | Taylor | Hall | 16 |
| 4 | Georgia | Thompson | 18 |
| 5 | Thomas | Moore | 10 |
+----+---------+----------+-----+
<strong>Output:</strong>
+------------+------------+-----------+--------------+
| student_id | first_name | last_name | age_in_years |
+------------+------------+-----------+--------------+
| 1 | Mason | King | 6 |
| 2 | Ava | Wright | 7 |
| 3 | Taylor | Hall | 16 |
| 4 | Georgia | Thompson | 18 |
| 5 | Thomas | Moore | 10 |
+------------+------------+-----------+--------------+
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
The column names are changed accordingly.</pre>

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<pre>
DataFrame <code>df1</code>
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| student_id | int |
| name | object |
| age | int |
+-------------+--------+
DataFrame <code>df2</code>
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| student_id | int |
| name | object |
| age | int |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>Write a solution to concatenate these two DataFrames <strong>vertically</strong> into one DataFrame.</p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:
df1</strong>
+------------+---------+-----+
| student_id | name | age |
+------------+---------+-----+
| 1 | Mason | 8 |
| 2 | Ava | 6 |
| 3 | Taylor | 15 |
| 4 | Georgia | 17 |
+------------+---------+-----+
<strong>df2
</strong>+------------+------+-----+
| student_id | name | age |
+------------+------+-----+
| 5 | Leo | 7 |
| 6 | Alex | 7 |
+------------+------+-----+
<strong>Output:</strong>
+------------+---------+-----+
| student_id | name | age |
+------------+---------+-----+
| 1 | Mason | 8 |
| 2 | Ava | 6 |
| 3 | Taylor | 15 |
| 4 | Georgia | 17 |
| 5 | Leo | 7 |
| 6 | Alex | 7 |
+------------+---------+-----+
<strong>Explanation:
</strong>The two DataFramess are stacked vertically, and their rows are combined.</pre>

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<pre>
DataFrame <code>report</code>
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| product | object |
| quarter_1 | int |
| quarter_2 | int |
| quarter_3 | int |
| quarter_4 | int |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>Write a solution to <strong>reshape</strong> the data so that each row represents sales data for a product in a specific quarter.</p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:
</strong>+-------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| product | quarter_1 | quarter_2 | quarter_3 | quarter_4 |
+-------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Umbrella | 417 | 224 | 379 | 611 |
| SleepingBag | 800 | 936 | 93 | 875 |
+-------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
<strong>Output:</strong>
+-------------+-----------+-------+
| product | quarter | sales |
+-------------+-----------+-------+
| Umbrella | quarter_1 | 417 |
| SleepingBag | quarter_1 | 800 |
| Umbrella | quarter_2 | 224 |
| SleepingBag | quarter_2 | 936 |
| Umbrella | quarter_3 | 379 |
| SleepingBag | quarter_3 | 93 |
| Umbrella | quarter_4 | 611 |
| SleepingBag | quarter_4 | 875 |
+-------------+-----------+-------+
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
The DataFrame is reshaped from wide to long format. Each row represents the sales of a product in a quarter.
</pre>

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<pre>
DataFrame <code>weather</code>
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| city | object |
| month | object |
| temperature | int |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>Write a solution to <strong>pivot</strong> the data so that each row represents temperatures for a specific month, and each city is a separate column.</p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<pre>
<strong class="example">Example 1:</strong>
<strong>Input:</strong>
+--------------+----------+-------------+
| city | month | temperature |
+--------------+----------+-------------+
| Jacksonville | January | 13 |
| Jacksonville | February | 23 |
| Jacksonville | March | 38 |
| Jacksonville | April | 5 |
| Jacksonville | May | 34 |
| ElPaso | January | 20 |
| ElPaso | February | 6 |
| ElPaso | March | 26 |
| ElPaso | April | 2 |
| ElPaso | May | 43 |
+--------------+----------+-------------+
<strong>Output:</strong><code>
+----------+--------+--------------+
| month | ElPaso | Jacksonville |
+----------+--------+--------------+
| April | 2 | 5 |
| February | 6 | 23 |
| January | 20 | 13 |
| March | 26 | 38 |
| May | 43 | 34 |
+----------+--------+--------------+</code>
<strong>Explanation:
</strong>The table is pivoted, each column represents a city, and each row represents a specific month.</pre>

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<pre>
DataFrame students
+-------------+--------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+--------+
| student_id | int |
| name | object |
| age | int |
+-------------+--------+
</pre>
<p>Write a solution to select the name and age of the student with <code>student_id = 101</code>.</p>
<p>The result format is in the following example.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<pre>
<strong>Example 1:
Input:</strong>
+------------+---------+-----+
| student_id | name | age |
+------------+---------+-----+
| 101 | Ulysses | 13 |
| 53 | William | 10 |
| 128 | Henry | 6 |
| 3 | Henry | 11 |
+------------+---------+-----+
<strong>Output:</strong>
+---------+-----+
| name | age |
+---------+-----+
| Ulysses | 13 |
+---------+-----+
<strong>Explanation:
</strong>Student Ulysses has student_id = 101, we select the name and age.</pre>

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<p>You are given an array <code>nums</code> consisting of <strong>non-negative</strong> integers.</p>
<p>We define the score of subarray <code>nums[l..r]</code> such that <code>l &lt;= r</code> as <code>nums[l] AND nums[l + 1] AND ... AND nums[r]</code> where <strong>AND</strong> is the bitwise <code>AND</code> operation.</p>
<p>Consider splitting the array into one or more subarrays such that the following conditions are satisfied:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>E</strong><strong>ach</strong> element of the array belongs to <strong>exactly</strong> one subarray.</li>
<li>The sum of scores of the subarrays is the <strong>minimum</strong> possible.</li>
</ul>
<p>Return <em>the <strong>maximum</strong> number of subarrays in a split that satisfies the conditions above.</em></p>
<p>A <strong>subarray</strong> is a contiguous part of an array.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,0,2,0,1,2]
<strong>Output:</strong> 3
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We can split the array into the following subarrays:
- [1,0]. The score of this subarray is 1 AND 0 = 0.
- [2,0]. The score of this subarray is 2 AND 0 = 0.
- [1,2]. The score of this subarray is 1 AND 2 = 0.
The sum of scores is 0 + 0 + 0 = 0, which is the minimum possible score that we can obtain.
It can be shown that we cannot split the array into more than 3 subarrays with a total score of 0. So we return 3.
</pre>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [5,7,1,3]
<strong>Output:</strong> 1
<strong>Explanation:</strong> We can split the array into one subarray: [5,7,1,3] with a score of 1, which is the minimum possible score that we can obtain.
It can be shown that we cannot split the array into more than 1 subarray with a total score of 1. So we return 1.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>0 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>6</sup></code></li>
</ul>