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leetcode-cn/problem (English)/购买水果需要的最少金币数(English) [minimum-number-of-coins-for-fruits].html
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<p>You are at a fruit market with different types of exotic fruits on display.</p>
<p>You are given an <strong>1-indexed</strong> integer array <code>prices</code> where <code>prices[i]</code> denotes the number of coins needed to purchase the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> fruit.</p>
<p>You are given a <strong>1-indexed</strong> array <code>prices</code>, where <code>prices[i]</code> denotes the number of coins needed to purchase the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> fruit.</p>
<p>The fruit market has the following offer:</p>
<p>The fruit market has the following reward for each fruit:</p>
<ul>
<li>If you purchase the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> fruit at <code>prices[i]</code> coins, you can get the next <code>i</code> fruits for free.</li>
<li>If you purchase the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> fruit at <code>prices[i]</code> coins, you can get any number of the next <code>i</code> fruits for free.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Note</strong> that even if you <strong>can</strong> take fruit <code>j</code> for free, you can still purchase it for <code>prices[j]</code> coins to receive a new offer.</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong> that even if you <strong>can</strong> take fruit <code>j</code> for free, you can still purchase it for <code>prices[j]</code> coins to receive its reward.</p>
<p>Return <em>the <strong>minimum</strong> number of coins needed to acquire all the fruits</em>.</p>
<p>Return the <strong>minimum</strong> number of coins needed to acquire all the fruits.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> prices = [3,1,2]
<strong>Output:</strong> 4
<strong>Explanation:</strong> You can acquire the fruits as follows:
- Purchase the 1<sup>st</sup> fruit with 3 coins, you are allowed to take the 2<sup>nd</sup> fruit for free.
- Purchase the 2<sup>nd</sup> fruit with 1 coin, you are allowed to take the 3<sup>rd</sup> fruit for free.
- Take the 3<sup>rd</sup> fruit for free.
Note that even though you were allowed to take the 2<sup>nd</sup> fruit for free, you purchased it because it is more optimal.
It can be proven that 4 is the minimum number of coins needed to acquire all the fruits.
</pre>
<div class="example-block">
<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class="example-io">prices = [3,1,2]</span></p>
<p><strong>Output:</strong> <span class="example-io">4</span></p>
<p><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Purchase the 1<sup>st</sup> fruit with <code>prices[0] = 3</code> coins, you are allowed to take the 2<sup>nd</sup> fruit for free.</li>
<li>Purchase the 2<sup>nd</sup> fruit with <code>prices[1] = 1</code> coin, you are allowed to take the 3<sup>rd</sup> fruit for free.</li>
<li>Take the 3<sup>rd</sup> fruit for free.</li>
</ul>
<p>Note that even though you could take the 2<sup>nd</sup> fruit for free as a reward of buying 1<sup>st</sup> fruit, you purchase it to receive its reward, which is more optimal.</p>
</div>
<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> prices = [1,10,1,1]
<strong>Output:</strong> 2
<strong>Explanation:</strong> You can acquire the fruits as follows:
- Purchase the 1<sup>st</sup> fruit with 1 coin, you are allowed to take the 2<sup>nd</sup> fruit for free.
- Take the 2<sup>nd</sup> fruit for free.
- Purchase the 3<sup>rd</sup> fruit for 1 coin, you are allowed to take the 4<sup>th</sup> fruit for free.
- Take the 4<sup>t</sup><sup>h</sup> fruit for free.
It can be proven that 2 is the minimum number of coins needed to acquire all the fruits.
</pre>
<div class="example-block">
<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class="example-io">prices = [1,10,1,1]</span></p>
<p><strong>Output:</strong> <span class="example-io">2</span></p>
<p><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Purchase the 1<sup>st</sup> fruit with <code>prices[0] = 1</code> coin, you are allowed to take the 2<sup>nd</sup> fruit for free.</li>
<li>Take the 2<sup>nd</sup> fruit for free.</li>
<li>Purchase the 3<sup>rd</sup> fruit for <code>prices[2] = 1</code> coin, you are allowed to take the 4<sup>th</sup> fruit for free.</li>
<li>Take the 4<sup>t</sup><sup>h</sup> fruit for free.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>
<div class="example-block">
<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class="example-io">prices = [26,18,6,12,49,7,45,45]</span></p>
<p><strong>Output:</strong> <span class="example-io">39</span></p>
<p><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Purchase the 1<sup>st</sup> fruit with <code>prices[0] = 26</code> coin, you are allowed to take the 2<sup>nd</sup> fruit for free.</li>
<li>Take the 2<sup>nd</sup> fruit for free.</li>
<li>Purchase the 3<sup>rd</sup> fruit for <code>prices[2] = 6</code> coin, you are allowed to take the 4<sup>th</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> (the next three) fruits for free.</li>
<li>Take the 4<sup>t</sup><sup>h</sup> fruit for free.</li>
<li>Take the 5<sup>t</sup><sup>h</sup> fruit for free.</li>
<li>Purchase the 6<sup>th</sup> fruit with <code>prices[5] = 7</code> coin, you are allowed to take the 8<sup>th</sup> and 9<sup>th</sup> fruit for free.</li>
<li>Take the 7<sup>t</sup><sup>h</sup> fruit for free.</li>
<li>Take the 8<sup>t</sup><sup>h</sup> fruit for free.</li>
</ul>
<p>Note that even though you could take the 6<sup>th</sup> fruit for free as a reward of buying 3<sup>rd</sup> fruit, you purchase it to receive its reward, which is more optimal.</p>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>