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"title": "Number of Unique Subjects Taught by Each Teacher",
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"sampleTestCase": "{\"headers\":{\"Teacher\":[\"teacher_id\",\"subject_id\",\"dept_id\"]},\"rows\":{\"Teacher\":[[1,2,3],[1,2,4],[1,3,3],[2,1,1],[2,2,1],[2,3,1],[2,4,1]]}}",
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"insert into Teacher (teacher_id, subject_id, dept_id) values ('2', '3', '1')",
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<p>You are given an integer array <code>ranks</code> and a character array <code>suits</code>. You have <code>5</code> cards where the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> card has a rank of <code>ranks[i]</code> and a suit of <code>suits[i]</code>.</p>
<p>The following are the types of <strong>poker hands</strong> you can make from best to worst:</p>
<ol>
<li><code>&quot;Flush&quot;</code>: Five cards of the same suit.</li>
<li><code>&quot;Three of a Kind&quot;</code>: Three cards of the same rank.</li>
<li><code>&quot;Pair&quot;</code>: Two cards of the same rank.</li>
<li><code>&quot;High Card&quot;</code>: Any single card.</li>
</ol>
<p>Return <em>a string representing the <strong>best</strong> type of <strong>poker hand</strong> you can make with the given cards.</em></p>
<p><strong>Note</strong> that the return values are <strong>case-sensitive</strong>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> ranks = [13,2,3,1,9], suits = [&quot;a&quot;,&quot;a&quot;,&quot;a&quot;,&quot;a&quot;,&quot;a&quot;]
<strong>Output:</strong> &quot;Flush&quot;
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The hand with all the cards consists of 5 cards with the same suit, so we have a &quot;Flush&quot;.
</pre>
<p><strong>Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> ranks = [4,4,2,4,4], suits = [&quot;d&quot;,&quot;a&quot;,&quot;a&quot;,&quot;b&quot;,&quot;c&quot;]
<strong>Output:</strong> &quot;Three of a Kind&quot;
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The hand with the first, second, and fourth card consists of 3 cards with the same rank, so we have a &quot;Three of a Kind&quot;.
Note that we could also make a &quot;Pair&quot; hand but &quot;Three of a Kind&quot; is a better hand.
Also note that other cards could be used to make the &quot;Three of a Kind&quot; hand.</pre>
<p><strong>Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> ranks = [10,10,2,12,9], suits = [&quot;a&quot;,&quot;b&quot;,&quot;c&quot;,&quot;a&quot;,&quot;d&quot;]
<strong>Output:</strong> &quot;Pair&quot;
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The hand with the first and second card consists of 2 cards with the same rank, so we have a &quot;Pair&quot;.
Note that we cannot make a &quot;Flush&quot; or a &quot;Three of a Kind&quot;.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>ranks.length == suits.length == 5</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= ranks[i] &lt;= 13</code></li>
<li><code>&#39;a&#39; &lt;= suits[i] &lt;= &#39;d&#39;</code></li>
<li>No two cards have the same rank and suit.</li>
</ul>

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<p>Design a food rating system that can do the following:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Modify</strong> the rating of a food item listed in the system.</li>
<li>Return the highest-rated food item for a type of cuisine in the system.</li>
</ul>
<p>Implement the <code>FoodRatings</code> class:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>FoodRatings(String[] foods, String[] cuisines, int[] ratings)</code> Initializes the system. The food items are described by <code>foods</code>, <code>cuisines</code> and <code>ratings</code>, all of which have a length of <code>n</code>.
<ul>
<li><code>foods[i]</code> is the name of the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> food,</li>
<li><code>cuisines[i]</code> is the type of cuisine of the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> food, and</li>
<li><code>ratings[i]</code> is the initial rating of the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> food.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><code>void changeRating(String food, int newRating)</code> Changes the rating of the food item with the name <code>food</code>.</li>
<li><code>String highestRated(String cuisine)</code> Returns the name of the food item that has the highest rating for the given type of <code>cuisine</code>. If there is a tie, return the item with the <strong>lexicographically smaller</strong> name.</li>
</ul>
<p>Note that a string <code>x</code> is lexicographically smaller than string <code>y</code> if <code>x</code> comes before <code>y</code> in dictionary order, that is, either <code>x</code> is a prefix of <code>y</code>, or if <code>i</code> is the first position such that <code>x[i] != y[i]</code>, then <code>x[i]</code> comes before <code>y[i]</code> in alphabetic order.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input</strong>
[&quot;FoodRatings&quot;, &quot;highestRated&quot;, &quot;highestRated&quot;, &quot;changeRating&quot;, &quot;highestRated&quot;, &quot;changeRating&quot;, &quot;highestRated&quot;]
[[[&quot;kimchi&quot;, &quot;miso&quot;, &quot;sushi&quot;, &quot;moussaka&quot;, &quot;ramen&quot;, &quot;bulgogi&quot;], [&quot;korean&quot;, &quot;japanese&quot;, &quot;japanese&quot;, &quot;greek&quot;, &quot;japanese&quot;, &quot;korean&quot;], [9, 12, 8, 15, 14, 7]], [&quot;korean&quot;], [&quot;japanese&quot;], [&quot;sushi&quot;, 16], [&quot;japanese&quot;], [&quot;ramen&quot;, 16], [&quot;japanese&quot;]]
<strong>Output</strong>
[null, &quot;kimchi&quot;, &quot;ramen&quot;, null, &quot;sushi&quot;, null, &quot;ramen&quot;]
<strong>Explanation</strong>
FoodRatings foodRatings = new FoodRatings([&quot;kimchi&quot;, &quot;miso&quot;, &quot;sushi&quot;, &quot;moussaka&quot;, &quot;ramen&quot;, &quot;bulgogi&quot;], [&quot;korean&quot;, &quot;japanese&quot;, &quot;japanese&quot;, &quot;greek&quot;, &quot;japanese&quot;, &quot;korean&quot;], [9, 12, 8, 15, 14, 7]);
foodRatings.highestRated(&quot;korean&quot;); // return &quot;kimchi&quot;
// &quot;kimchi&quot; is the highest rated korean food with a rating of 9.
foodRatings.highestRated(&quot;japanese&quot;); // return &quot;ramen&quot;
// &quot;ramen&quot; is the highest rated japanese food with a rating of 14.
foodRatings.changeRating(&quot;sushi&quot;, 16); // &quot;sushi&quot; now has a rating of 16.
foodRatings.highestRated(&quot;japanese&quot;); // return &quot;sushi&quot;
// &quot;sushi&quot; is the highest rated japanese food with a rating of 16.
foodRatings.changeRating(&quot;ramen&quot;, 16); // &quot;ramen&quot; now has a rating of 16.
foodRatings.highestRated(&quot;japanese&quot;); // return &quot;ramen&quot;
// Both &quot;sushi&quot; and &quot;ramen&quot; have a rating of 16.
// However, &quot;ramen&quot; is lexicographically smaller than &quot;sushi&quot;.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 2 * 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>
<li><code>n == foods.length == cuisines.length == ratings.length</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= foods[i].length, cuisines[i].length &lt;= 10</code></li>
<li><code>foods[i]</code>, <code>cuisines[i]</code> consist of lowercase English letters.</li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= ratings[i] &lt;= 10<sup>8</sup></code></li>
<li>All the strings in <code>foods</code> are <strong>distinct</strong>.</li>
<li><code>food</code> will be the name of a food item in the system across all calls to <code>changeRating</code>.</li>
<li><code>cuisine</code> will be a type of cuisine of <strong>at least one</strong> food item in the system across all calls to <code>highestRated</code>.</li>
<li>At most <code>2 * 10<sup>4</sup></code> calls <strong>in total</strong> will be made to <code>changeRating</code> and <code>highestRated</code>.</li>
</ul>

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<p>Design a number container system that can do the following:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Insert </strong>or <strong>Replace</strong> a number at the given index in the system.</li>
<li><strong>Return </strong>the smallest index for the given number in the system.</li>
</ul>
<p>Implement the <code>NumberContainers</code> class:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>NumberContainers()</code> Initializes the number container system.</li>
<li><code>void change(int index, int number)</code> Fills the container at <code>index</code> with the <code>number</code>. If there is already a number at that <code>index</code>, replace it.</li>
<li><code>int find(int number)</code> Returns the smallest index for the given <code>number</code>, or <code>-1</code> if there is no index that is filled by <code>number</code> in the system.</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input</strong>
[&quot;NumberContainers&quot;, &quot;find&quot;, &quot;change&quot;, &quot;change&quot;, &quot;change&quot;, &quot;change&quot;, &quot;find&quot;, &quot;change&quot;, &quot;find&quot;]
[[], [10], [2, 10], [1, 10], [3, 10], [5, 10], [10], [1, 20], [10]]
<strong>Output</strong>
[null, -1, null, null, null, null, 1, null, 2]
<strong>Explanation</strong>
NumberContainers nc = new NumberContainers();
nc.find(10); // There is no index that is filled with number 10. Therefore, we return -1.
nc.change(2, 10); // Your container at index 2 will be filled with number 10.
nc.change(1, 10); // Your container at index 1 will be filled with number 10.
nc.change(3, 10); // Your container at index 3 will be filled with number 10.
nc.change(5, 10); // Your container at index 5 will be filled with number 10.
nc.find(10); // Number 10 is at the indices 1, 2, 3, and 5. Since the smallest index that is filled with 10 is 1, we return 1.
nc.change(1, 20); // Your container at index 1 will be filled with number 20. Note that index 1 was filled with 10 and then replaced with 20.
nc.find(10); // Number 10 is at the indices 2, 3, and 5. The smallest index that is filled with 10 is 2. Therefore, we return 2.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= index, number &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
<li>At most <code>10<sup>5</sup></code> calls will be made <strong>in total</strong> to <code>change</code> and <code>find</code>.</li>
</ul>

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<p>Given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> <code>n x n</code> integer matrix <code>grid</code>, <em>return the number of pairs </em><code>(R<sub>i</sub>, C<sub>j</sub>)</code><em> such that row </em><code>R<sub>i</sub></code><em> and column </em><code>C<sub>j</sub></code><em> are equal</em>.</p>
<p>A row and column pair is considered equal if they contain the same elements in the same order (i.e. an equal array).</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2022/06/01/ex1.jpg" style="width: 150px; height: 153px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> grid = [[3,2,1],[1,7,6],[2,7,7]]
<strong>Output:</strong> 1
<strong>Explanation:</strong> There is 1 equal row and column pair:
- (Row 2, Column 1): [2,7,7]
</pre>
<p><strong>Example 2:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2022/06/01/ex2.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 209px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> grid = [[3,1,2,2],[1,4,4,5],[2,4,2,2],[2,4,2,2]]
<strong>Output:</strong> 3
<strong>Explanation:</strong> There are 3 equal row and column pairs:
- (Row 0, Column 0): [3,1,2,2]
- (Row 2, Column 2): [2,4,2,2]
- (Row 3, Column 2): [2,4,2,2]
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>n == grid.length == grid[i].length</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 200</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= grid[i][j] &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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<p>Given a string <code>s</code> consisting of lowercase English letters, return <em>the first letter to appear <strong>twice</strong></em>.</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li>A letter <code>a</code> appears twice before another letter <code>b</code> if the <strong>second</strong> occurrence of <code>a</code> is before the <strong>second</strong> occurrence of <code>b</code>.</li>
<li><code>s</code> will contain at least one letter that appears twice.</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> s = &quot;abccbaacz&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> &quot;c&quot;
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
The letter &#39;a&#39; appears on the indexes 0, 5 and 6.
The letter &#39;b&#39; appears on the indexes 1 and 4.
The letter &#39;c&#39; appears on the indexes 2, 3 and 7.
The letter &#39;z&#39; appears on the index 8.
The letter &#39;c&#39; is the first letter to appear twice, because out of all the letters the index of its second occurrence is the smallest.
</pre>
<p><strong>Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> s = &quot;abcdd&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> &quot;d&quot;
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
The only letter that appears twice is &#39;d&#39; so we return &#39;d&#39;.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>2 &lt;= s.length &lt;= 100</code></li>
<li><code>s</code> consists of lowercase English letters.</li>
<li><code>s</code> has at least one repeated letter.</li>
</ul>

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<p>You are given a <strong>0-indexed</strong> positive integer array <code>nums</code> and a positive integer <code>k</code>.</p>
<p>A pair of numbers <code>(num1, num2)</code> is called <strong>excellent</strong> if the following conditions are satisfied:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Both</strong> the numbers <code>num1</code> and <code>num2</code> exist in the array <code>nums</code>.</li>
<li>The sum of the number of set bits in <code>num1 OR num2</code> and <code>num1 AND num2</code> is greater than or equal to <code>k</code>, where <code>OR</code> is the bitwise <strong>OR</strong> operation and <code>AND</code> is the bitwise <strong>AND</strong> operation.</li>
</ul>
<p>Return <em>the number of <strong>distinct</strong> excellent pairs</em>.</p>
<p>Two pairs <code>(a, b)</code> and <code>(c, d)</code> are considered distinct if either <code>a != c</code> or <code>b != d</code>. For example, <code>(1, 2)</code> and <code>(2, 1)</code> are distinct.</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong> that a pair <code>(num1, num2)</code> such that <code>num1 == num2</code> can also be excellent if you have at least <strong>one</strong> occurrence of <code>num1</code> in the array.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,2,3,1], k = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> 5
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The excellent pairs are the following:
- (3, 3). (3 AND 3) and (3 OR 3) are both equal to (11) in binary. The total number of set bits is 2 + 2 = 4, which is greater than or equal to k = 3.
- (2, 3) and (3, 2). (2 AND 3) is equal to (10) in binary, and (2 OR 3) is equal to (11) in binary. The total number of set bits is 1 + 2 = 3.
- (1, 3) and (3, 1). (1 AND 3) is equal to (01) in binary, and (1 OR 3) is equal to (11) in binary. The total number of set bits is 1 + 2 = 3.
So the number of excellent pairs is 5.</pre>
<p><strong>Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [5,1,1], k = 10
<strong>Output:</strong> 0
<strong>Explanation:</strong> There are no excellent pairs for this array.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= 60</code></li>
</ul>

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<p>Given an integer array <code>nums</code>, return <em>the number of <strong>subarrays</strong> filled with </em><code>0</code>.</p>
<p>A <strong>subarray</strong> is a contiguous non-empty sequence of elements within an array.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,3,0,0,2,0,0,4]
<strong>Output:</strong> 6
<strong>Explanation:</strong>
There are 4 occurrences of [0] as a subarray.
There are 2 occurrences of [0,0] as a subarray.
There is no occurrence of a subarray with a size more than 2 filled with 0. Therefore, we return 6.</pre>
<p><strong>Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [0,0,0,2,0,0]
<strong>Output:</strong> 9
<strong>Explanation:
</strong>There are 5 occurrences of [0] as a subarray.
There are 3 occurrences of [0,0] as a subarray.
There is 1 occurrence of [0,0,0] as a subarray.
There is no occurrence of a subarray with a size more than 3 filled with 0. Therefore, we return 9.
</pre>
<p><strong>Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [2,10,2019]
<strong>Output:</strong> 0
<strong>Explanation:</strong> There is no subarray filled with 0. Therefore, we return 0.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>-10<sup>9</sup> &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
</ul>

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<p>You are given an integer array <code>rolls</code> of length <code>n</code> and an integer <code>k</code>. You roll a <code>k</code> sided dice numbered from <code>1</code> to <code>k</code>, <code>n</code> times, where the result of the <code>i<sup>th</sup></code> roll is <code>rolls[i]</code>.</p>
<p>Return<em> the length of the <strong>shortest</strong> sequence of rolls that <strong>cannot</strong> be taken from </em><code>rolls</code>.</p>
<p>A <strong>sequence of rolls</strong> of length <code>len</code> is the result of rolling a <code>k</code> sided dice <code>len</code> times.</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong> that the sequence taken does not have to be consecutive as long as it is in order.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> rolls = [4,2,1,2,3,3,2,4,1], k = 4
<strong>Output:</strong> 3
<strong>Explanation:</strong> Every sequence of rolls of length 1, [1], [2], [3], [4], can be taken from rolls.
Every sequence of rolls of length 2, [1, 1], [1, 2], ..., [4, 4], can be taken from rolls.
The sequence [1, 4, 2] cannot be taken from rolls, so we return 3.
Note that there are other sequences that cannot be taken from rolls.</pre>
<p><strong>Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> rolls = [1,1,2,2], k = 2
<strong>Output:</strong> 2
<strong>Explanation:</strong> Every sequence of rolls of length 1, [1], [2], can be taken from rolls.
The sequence [2, 1] cannot be taken from rolls, so we return 2.
Note that there are other sequences that cannot be taken from rolls but [2, 1] is the shortest.
</pre>
<p><strong>Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> rolls = [1,1,3,2,2,2,3,3], k = 4
<strong>Output:</strong> 1
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The sequence [4] cannot be taken from rolls, so we return 1.
Note that there are other sequences that cannot be taken from rolls but [4] is the shortest.
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>n == rolls.length</code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
<li><code>1 &lt;= rolls[i] &lt;= k &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
</ul>